OBJECTIVE: When treating Lung Cancer, it is necessary to identify early treatment failure to enable timely therapeutic adjustments. The Aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in tumor diffusion during treatment with chemotherapy and bevacizumab could serve as a predictor of treatment failure.
METHODS: A prospective single-arm, open-label, clinical trial was conducted between September 2014 and December 2020, enrolling patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patients were treated with chemotherapy-antiangiogenic combination. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) was performed at baseline, two, four, and sixteen weeks after initiating treatment. The differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between pre- and post-treatment MRIs were recorded as Delta values (ΔADC). We assessed whether ΔADC could serve as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival (OS), with a five year follow up.
RESULTS: 18 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients with a ΔADC value ≥ -3 demonstrated a significantly longer OS with an HR of 0.12 (95 % CI; 0.03- 0.61; p = 0.003) The median OS in patients with a ΔADC value ≥ -3 was 18 months, (95 % C.I; 7-46) compared to 7 months (95 % C.I; 5-9) in those with a ΔADC value < -3.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that early changes in tumor ADC values, may be indicative of a longer OS. Therefore, DW-MRI could serve as an early biomarker for assessing treatment response in patients receiving chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn\'s disease and ulcerative colitis, showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations, which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life. It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients. Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an anti-inflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients. In addition, experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis. Furthermore, irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota. Therefore, endogenous or exogenous irisin, via its anti-inflammatory effects, will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.

BACKGROUND: The presence of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in the peripheral blood of critically ill patients is associated with poor outcome. Evidence regarding the predictive value of NRBCs in patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains elusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of NRBCs in these patients.
METHODS: Daily NRBC values of adult patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS were assessed and their predictive validity for mortality was statistically evaluated. A cut-off level based on the patient\'s maximum NRBC value during ICU stay was calculated and further specified according to Youden\'s method. Based on this cut-off value, further analyses such as logistic regression models and survival were performed.
RESULTS: 413 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS were analyzed. Patients who did not survive had significantly higher NRBC values during their ICU stay compared to patients who survived (1090/µl [310; 3883] vs. 140/µl [20; 500]; p < 0.0001). Patients with severe ARDS (n = 374) had significantly higher NRBC values during ICU stay compared to patients with moderate ARDS (n = 38) (490/µl [120; 1890] vs. 30/µl [10; 476]; p < 0.0001). A cut-off level of NRBC ≥ 500/µl was found to best stratify risk and was associated with a longer duration of ICU stay (12 [8; 18] vs. 18 [13; 27] days; p < 0.0001) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation (10 [6; 16] vs. 17 [12; 26] days; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis with multivariate adjustment showed NRBCs ≥ 500/µl to be an independent risk factor of mortality (odds ratio (OR) 4.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.95-7.62, p < 0.0001). Patients with NRBC values below the threshold of 500/µl had a significant survival advantage over those above the threshold (median survival 32 [95% CI 8.7-43.3] vs. 21 days [95% CI 18.2-23.8], log-rank test, p < 0.05). Patients who once reached the NRBC threshold of ≥ 500/µl during their ICU stay had a significantly increased long-term mortality (median survival 489 days, log-rank test, p = 0.0029, hazard ratio (HR) 3.2, 95% CI 1.2-8.5).
CONCLUSIONS: NRBCs predict mortality in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS with high prognostic power. Further studies are required to confirm the clinical impact of NRBCs to eventually enhance decision making.

In recent years, C2ORF40 has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene with multiple functions, including roles in cell proliferation, migration, and senescence. To explore the role of the C2ORF40 gene in different tumors, we used multiple databases for analysis. Compared to adjacent normal tissues, C2ORF40 is downregulated in a variety of malignant tumors, including tumors such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer. Notably, low expression of the gene is significantly associated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival rates. In specific cancers including colon cancer and prostate cancer, the expression of C2ORF40 is correlated with the infiltration of CAFs. C2ORF40 is also involved in biological processes such as cell apoptosis and regulation of protein stability. In conclusion, C2ORF40 can hold promise as a prognostic marker for pan-cancer analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid tumour in childhood, and rises in the sympathetic nervous system. Here, we addressed the in silico analysis of the association between the expression of H2AFX gene involved in DNA damage response, and the survival of a cohort of 786 NB patients.
METHODS: In silico gene expression was retrieved from the publicly available dataset summarised by Cangelosi et al., including 13,696 gene expression profiles of 786 NB tumours at onset of disease. The prognostic value of H2AFX (H2A histone family member X) gene expression for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. The main results were validated on another openly accessible in silico database (NRC-283) containing 13,489 gene expressions in 283 NB patients. The expression of H2AFX protein was then tested by immunofluorescence on 48 primary NB samples of different tumour stages. H2AFX activity as an oncogene has been further validated in vitro by silencing the molecule in two NB cell lines, characterised by MYCN amplified or not, and performing cell growth and migration assays.
RESULTS: A strong inverse association between H2AFX expression and patients\' survival was observed and confirmed by immunofluorescence results on primary NB tissue sections. Cox regression analysis also disclosed H2AFX as an independent predictor of EFS and OS. The gene-silencing experiments strongly suggested an oncogenic role for H2AFX on NB cells, regardless of MYCN amplification.
CONCLUSIONS: H2AFX is a prognostic marker for unfavourable NB and could be considered a target for therapeutic interventions.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression of cancer. Inflammatory markers have been identified as prognostic indicators in numerous malignancies. This study explored the prognostic relevance of the initial and postoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) who underwent curative resection.
METHODS: We included 89 patients with STS who underwent extensive and radical resection at the Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital between 2004 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier curves for RFS and OS were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional models.
RESULTS: A total of 67 (75.3%) patients demonstrated a high initial NLR (≥4.1) and 65 (75.3%) showed a high initial PLR (≥231). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, an elevated initial PLR ratio was significantly associated with a decreased RFS (p=0.017) and OS (p=0.003). Patients with a high PLR (PLR >231) had a median RFS of 24 months, whereas those with a low PLR (PLR ≤231) had a median RFS of 96 months. The median OS was 50 and 298 months for the high PLR and low PLR groups, respectively. Furthermore, a high postoperative PLR ratio was associated with a decreased RFS (p=0.001) and OS (p=0.038).
CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative and postoperative PLR ratio can be used as a cost-effective prognostic marker for oncologic outcomes in patients with STS who undergo surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of total tumor volume (TTV) for early recurrence (within 6 months) and overall survival (OS) in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), treated with induction systemic therapy followed by complete local treatment.
METHODS: Patients with initially unresectable CRLM from the multicenter randomized phase 3 CAIRO5 trial (NCT02162563) who received induction systemic therapy followed by local treatment were included. Baseline TTV and change in TTV as response to systemic therapy were calculated using the CT scan before and the first after systemic treatment, and were assessed for their added prognostic value. The findings were validated in an external cohort of patients treated at a tertiary center.
RESULTS: In total, 215 CAIRO5 patients were included. Baseline TTV and absolute change in TTV were significantly associated with early recurrence (P = 0.005 and P = 0.040, respectively) and OS in multivariable analyses (P = 0.024 and P = 0.006, respectively), whereas RECIST1.1 was not prognostic for early recurrence (P = 0.88) and OS (P = 0.35). In the validation cohort (n = 85), baseline TTV and absolute change in TTV remained prognostic for early recurrence (P = 0.041 and P = 0.021, respectively) and OS in multivariable analyses (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.012, respectively), and showed added prognostic value over conventional clinicopathological variables (increase C-statistic, 0.06; 95 % CI, 0.02 to 0.14; P = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS: Total tumor volume is strongly prognostic for early recurrence and OS in patients who underwent complete local treatment of initially unresectable CRLM, both in the CAIRO5 trial and the validation cohort. In contrast, RECIST1.1 did not show prognostic value for neither early recurrence nor OS.

With the development of gene testing technology, we have found many different genes, and lncRNA is one of them. LncRNAs refer to a non-protein coding RNA molecule with a length of more than 200bp, which is one of the focuses of research on human malignant diseases such as LUAD. LncRNAs act as an oncogene or inhibitor to regulate the occurrence and progression of tumors. The differential expression of LncRNAs promotes or inhibits the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by affecting cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and apoptosis, thus affecting the prognosis and survival rate of patients. Therefore, LncRNAs can be used as a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The early diagnosis of the disease was made through the detection of tumor markers. Because lung adenocarcinoma is not easy to diagnose in the early stage and tumor markers are easy to ignore, LncRNAs play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. The main purpose of this article is to summarize the known effects of LncRNAs on lung adenocarcinoma, the effect of differential expression of LncRNAs on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, and related signal transduction pathways. And to provide a new idea for the future research of lung adenocarcinoma-related LncRNAs.

Organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating accurate prognostic markers for timely intervention and improved outcomes. This review evaluates the potential of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic indicator in acute organophosphorus poisoning (AOPP). A comprehensive analysis of existing literature reveals that elevated NLR values correlate with increased severity of poisoning and adverse clinical outcomes, including mortality and morbidity. NLR assessment offers valuable prognostic information beyond traditional markers, aiding risk stratification and guiding clinical decision-making. Integration of NLR into clinical practice holds promise for optimizing patient care through the early identification of high-risk individuals and tailored therapeutic interventions. Further research is needed to validate the utility of NLR in larger patient cohorts and standardize its incorporation into clinical guidelines. Leveraging NLR as a prognostic tool can enhance risk stratification, optimize treatment strategies, and ultimately improve outcomes in AOPP.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is widely noted for its high degree of malignancy, rapid progression, and limited therapeutic options. This study was carried out on transcriptome data of 417 CCA samples from different anatomical locations. The effects of lipid metabolism related genes and immune related genes as CCA classifiers were compared. Key genes were derived from MVI subtypes and better molecular subtypes. Pathways such as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle were significantly activated in MVI-positive group. CCA patients were classified into three (four) subtypes based on lipid metabolism (immune) related genes, with better prognosis observed in lipid metabolism-C1, immune-C2, and immune-C4. IPTW analysis found that the prognosis of lipid metabolism-C1 was significantly better than that of lipid metabolism-C2 + C3 before and after correction. KRT16 was finally selected as the key gene. And knockdown of KRT16 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cells.