严重急性呼吸系统综合症2(SARS-CoV-2)的持续发展需要对其亚变体进行持续监测。Omicron亚变体是全球绝大多数SARS-CoV-2感染的原因,截至2024年1月,XBB和BA.2.86亚谱系代表了90%以上的循环菌株。为了更好地了解与病毒传播有关的参数,我们表征了BA.2.75,CH.1.1,DV.7.1,BA4/5,BQ.1.1,XBB,XBB.1、XBB.1.16、XBB.1.5、FD.1.1、EG.1.1、HK.3、BA.2.86和JN.1。我们测试了它们逃避血浆介导的识别和中和的能力,与血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)结合,他们对冷失活的易感性,穗处理,以及温度对Spike-ACE2相互作用的影响。我们发现,与早期野生型(D614G)菌株相比,大多数Omicron亚变体\'Spike糖蛋白从接受第五剂量二价(BA.1或BA4/5)mRNA疫苗并改善ACE2结合的个体的血浆中进化出逃避识别和中和,特别是在低温下。此外,BA.2.86在所有测试温度下对ACE2具有最佳亲和力。我们发现Omicron亚变体\'Spike处理与它们对冷失活的敏感性有关。有趣的是,我们发现Spike-ACE2在低温下的结合与人类Omicron亚变体的生长速率显著相关.总的来说,我们报告说,新出现的Omicron亚变体的尖峰相对更稳定,并且对血浆介导的中和具有抗性,对相关的ACE2的亲和力提高,特别是在低温下,他们的增长率。重要性SARS-CoV-2的持续进化产生了多种变体,这些变体在其Spike糖蛋白中具有新的突变。几个因素与病毒传播和适应性有关,例如血浆中和逃逸和ACE2相互作用。为了更好地了解其他因素在SARS-CoV-2变种传播中是否很重要,我们表征了来自几种Omicron亚变体的Spike糖蛋白的功能特性。我们发现,Omicron亚变体的Spike糖蛋白表现出改善的逃避血浆介导的识别和中和,穗处理,和ACE2结合在低温下得到进一步改善。有趣的是,在低温下的Spike-ACE2相互作用与病毒生长速率密切相关,因此,低温可能是影响病毒传播的另一个参数。
The continued evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires persistent monitoring of its subvariants. Omicron subvariants are responsible for the vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections worldwide, with XBB and BA.2.86 sublineages representing more than 90% of circulating strains as of January 2024. To better understand parameters involved in viral transmission, we characterized the functional properties of Spike glycoproteins from BA.2.75, CH.1.1, DV.7.1, BA.4/5, BQ.1.1, XBB, XBB.1, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.5, FD.1.1, EG.5.1, HK.3, BA.2.86 and JN.1. We tested their capacity to evade plasma-mediated recognition and neutralization, binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), their susceptibility to cold inactivation, Spike processing, as well as the impact of temperature on Spike-ACE2 interaction. We found that compared to the early wild-type (D614G) strain, most Omicron subvariants\' Spike glycoproteins evolved to escape recognition and neutralization by plasma from individuals who received a fifth dose of bivalent (BA.1 or BA.4/5) mRNA vaccine and improve ACE2 binding, particularly at low temperatures. Moreover, BA.2.86 had the best affinity for ACE2 at all temperatures tested. We found that Omicron subvariants\' Spike processing is associated with their susceptibility to cold inactivation. Intriguingly, we found that Spike-ACE2 binding at low temperature was significantly associated with growth rates of Omicron subvariants in humans. Overall, we report that Spikes from newly emerged Omicron subvariants are relatively more stable and resistant to plasma-mediated neutralization, present improved affinity for ACE2 which is associated, particularly at low temperatures, with their growth rates.IMPORTANCEThe persistent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 gave rise to a wide range of variants harboring new mutations in their Spike glycoproteins. Several factors have been associated with viral transmission and fitness such as plasma-neutralization escape and ACE2 interaction. To better understand whether additional factors could be of importance in SARS-CoV-2 variants\' transmission, we characterize the functional properties of Spike glycoproteins from several Omicron subvariants. We found that the Spike glycoprotein of Omicron subvariants presents an improved escape from plasma-mediated recognition and neutralization, Spike processing, and ACE2 binding which was further improved at low temperature. Intriguingly, Spike-ACE2 interaction at low temperature is strongly associated with viral growth rate, as such, low temperatures could represent another parameter affecting viral transmission.