背景:每年,世界上生产了大量的肉鸡凋落物(BL),由于其高氮含量和微生物数量,导致土壤和地表水污染。而反刍动物可以使用这种非蛋白氮(NPN)来源进行微生物蛋白质合成。当蛋白质来源不可用或非常昂贵时,这个问题变得更加关键。NPN的来源之一是BL,每年在世界范围内大量生产。
目的:这项研究的目的是对非热技术进行调查,例如电凝法(EC),紫外线(UV)辐射,和超声波(US)波对BL样品作为反刍动物饮食中蛋白质来源的微生物安全性和营养价值的影响。
方法:本研究的方法基于使用24V的EC装置60分钟,UV-C光辐射(249nm)1和10分钟,和频率为28kHz的US波在5、10和15分钟内处理BL样品,与阴暗干燥的样品相比。通过产气技术和体外发酵参数的测量来确定加工样品的化学成分和营养价值。
结果:根据结果,用美国处理的样品中的微生物安全性增加(15分钟)。EC方法在减少真菌和霉菌的数量方面具有最佳性能。然而,这些方法都不能去除总细菌和真菌。BL的消化率在阴凉处相似,EC,和美国(10分钟)治疗。总的来说,使用EC和US15对气体生产没有不利影响,导致氨氮浓度降低。相比之下,它导致所研究底物中中性洗涤剂纤维(NDF)的减少。
结论:一般来说,可以得出结论,使用US5和EC方法不会对体外产气和发酵参数产生负面影响,在减少NDF的同时,导致微生物负荷的显著减少,病原体,酵母,和霉菌。因此,建议使用这两种方法来提高其他蛋白质和饲料来源的饲料消化率。
BACKGROUND: Annually, a massive amount of broiler litter (BL) is produced in the world, which causes soil and surface water pollution due to its high nitrogen content and microbial count. While ruminants can use this non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source for microbial protein synthesis. This issue becomes more critical when protein sources are unavailable or very expensive. One of the sources of NPN is BL which is produced at a considerable amount in the world yearly.
OBJECTIVE: This aim of this research was to conduct a survey of non-thermal technologies such as electrocoagulation (EC), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and ultrasound (US) waves on the microbial safety and nutritional value of BL samples as a protein source in ruminant diets.
METHODS: The methodology of this study was based on the use of an EC device with 24 V for 60 min, UV-C light radiation (249 nm) for 1 and 10 min, and US waves with a frequency of 28 kHz for 5, 10 and 15 min to process BL samples compared with shade-dried samples. Chemical composition and nutritional values of processed samples were determined by gas production technique and measurement of fermentation parameters in vitro.
RESULTS: Based on the results, microbial safety increased in the samples processed with the US (15 min). The EC method had the best performance in reducing the number of fungi and mould. However, none of the methods could remove total bacteria and fungi. Digestibility of BL was similar in shade-dried, EC, and US (10 min) treatments. In general, the use of EC and US15 without having adverse effects on gas production caused a decrease in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. In contrast, it caused a decrease in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in the investigated substrate.
CONCLUSIONS: In general, it can be concluded that the use of US5 and EC methods without having a negative effect on the parameters of gas production and fermentation in vitro, while reducing NDF, causes a significant reduction in the microbial load, pathogens, yeast, and mould. Therefore, it is suggested to use these two methods to improve feed digestibility for other protein and feed sources.