口蹄疫(FMD)是老挝人民民主共和国的一种高度传染性和地方病。然而,监控很薄弱,和爆发没有常规报告。为了解决这个问题,在2021年11月至2022年12月期间,常规从省级屠宰场的牛和水牛采集血清样本.从17个省的大型反刍动物(n=1,625头牛;n=1,038头水牛)中收集了2,663份血清样品。测试样品中针对FMD非结构蛋白(NSP)的特异性抗体以确定暴露于FMD病毒的动物的比例。除了从屠宰场取样,我们从北部12个省的94个地区收集了更多独立数据来报告临床体征和结局.这些事件报告由地区工作人员使用Google表格记录,并每月在国家动物疾病报告系统中汇总。收集了有关物种的信息,事件日期,牛群大小,动物的位置和临床症状。总的来说,46%的测试动物使用IDScreen®FMDNSP竞争ELISA返回阳性结果。然后将血清学测试的结果与同一地区报告的临床体征进行比较。在报告“口腔问题”的地区(无论其他临床症状如何),FMD血清阳性率中位数为49.7%,相比之下,未报告口腔问题的地区为31.6%(p=0.021)。这一发现表明,报告“口腔问题”的临床病例可能是老挝人民民主共和国牛和水牛地区FMD感染的潜在预测指标。此外,在报告“发烧”的地区,\'嘴巴问题\',和“鼻子/嘴分泌物”在一起,FMD血清阳性率中位数为46.2%,相比之下,未报告这些迹象的地区为24.4%(p=0.033)。在报告“口腔问题”和“鼻/口分泌物”的地区,口蹄疫血清阳性率中位数为49.4%,相比之下,未报告这些迹象的地区为25.5%(p=0.037)。在报告“发烧”和“口腔问题”的地区,FMD血清阳性率中位数为46.4%,而未报告这些迹象的地区为25%(p=0.017)。根据屠宰场监测产生的血清学数据,这项研究确定了最能预测FMD血清阳性率的临床体征.这些新发现可用于指导未来的被动监测工作,特别是在老挝北部,并有助于在东南亚的口蹄疫流行国家更广泛地支持改善口蹄疫监测。
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious and endemic disease in
Lao PDR. However, surveillance is weak, and outbreaks are not routinely reported. To address this, serum samples were routinely collected from cattle and buffalo from provincial abattoirs between November 2021 and December 2022. A total of 2,663 serum samples were collected from large ruminants (n = 1,625 cattle; n = 1,038 buffalo) from 17 provinces. Samples were tested for specific antibodies directed against FMD non-structural protein (NSP) to determine the proportion of animals exposed to FMD virus. In addition to sampling from abattoirs, further independent data was collected to report clinical signs and outcomes from 94 districts in 12 northern provinces. These incident reports were recorded by district staff using a Google Form and summarised monthly in the National Animal Disease Reporting System. Information was collected on species, incident date, herd size, location and which clinical signs the animals presented. Overall, 46% of the tested animals returned a positive result using ID Screen® FMD NSP Competition ELISA. Results from serological testing were then compared with reported clinical signs from the same district. In districts reporting \'mouth problems\' (regardless of other clinical signs) the median FMD seroprevalence was 49.7%, compared to 31.6% in districts not reporting mouth problems (p = 0.021). This finding suggests that reporting clinical cases of \'mouth problems\' could be a potential predictor of FMD infection at a district level in cattle and buffalo in
Lao PDR. Furthermore, in districts reporting \'fever\', \'mouth problems\', and \'nose/mouth secretions\' together, the median FMD seroprevalence was 46.2%, compared to 24.4% in districts not reporting these signs (p = 0.033). In districts reporting \'mouth problems\' and \'nose/mouth secretions\' the median FMD seroprevalence was 49.4%, compared to 25.5% in districts not reporting these signs (p = 0.037). In districts reporting both \'fever\' and \'mouth problems,\' the median FMD seroprevalence was 46.4% compared to 25% in districts not reporting these signs (p = 0.017). Based on serological data generated by abattoir surveillance, this study identified clinical signs most predictive of FMD seroprevalence. These novel findings can be used to guide passive surveillance efforts in the future specifically in northern Laos and help support improved FMD surveillance more broadly in FMD endemic countries in Southeast Asia.