Investigación cualitativa

Investigaci ó n cualitativa
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Responsive caregiving is associated with secure attachment and positive child developmental outcomes. However, there is some debate on whether responsive caregiving is a universal construct. Few studies have researched responsive caregiving in diverse cultural settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we explore if and how responsive caregiving is conceptualized among mothers of children under 3-years-old in rural, Sindh Pakistan. A phenomenological qualitative study was implemented in Naushahro Feroze through in-depth interviews with twenty mothers. Mothers were asked about their aspirations for their children and how they would respond in a variety of different scenarios. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis with an inductive-deductive coding scheme. There was substantial variation in mothers\' described responsive behaviors and beliefs. Almost all mothers described using some form of responsive parenting. Responding to children\'s demands while the mother was preoccupied, using verbal responses to console children, and if mothers believed that children should be praised, lacked consensus. Most mothers described using breastfeeding for consolation and highlighted the importance of immediately consoling their crying child. The results suggest that there is a need for a more nuanced approach to understand caregiver behaviors across contexts.
    يرتبط تقديم الرعاية المتجاوبة بالتعلق الآمن والنتائج الإيجابية لنمو الطفل. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض الجدل حول ما إذا كان تقديم الرعاية المتجاوبة هو مفهوم عالمي. وقد بحثت دراسات قليلة في تقديم الرعاية المتجاوبة في بيئات ثقافية متنوعة، لا سيما في البلدان منخفضة ومتوسطة الدخل. في هذه الدراسة، نستكشف ما إذا كان تقديم الرعاية المتجاوبة يعتبر مفهوماً بين أمهات الأطفال دون سن 3 سنوات في المناطق الريفية في السند بباكستان. تم إجراء دراسة وصفية ظواهرية باستخدام بيانات من ناوشهرو فيروز من خلال مقابلات متعمقة مع عشرين من الأمهات. سُئلت الأمهات عن تطلعاتهنّ لأطفالهنّ وكيف سيستجبن في مجموعة متنوعة من السيناريوهات المختلفة. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام تحليل المحتوى الموضوعي باستخدام نموذج ترميز استقرائي استنتاجي. كان هناك تباين كبير في وصف الأمهات لسلوكياتهن ومعتقداتهن الاستجابية. وصفت جميع الأمهات تقريباً استخدام شكل من أشكال التربية المستجيبة. لم يكن هناك إجماع كافي حول الاستجابة لمطالب الأطفال أثناء انشغال الأم، واستخدام الردود اللفظية لمواساة الأطفال، وإذا كانت الأمهات يعتقدن أنه يجب الثناء على الأطفال. ووصفت معظم الأمهات استخدام الرضاعة الطبيعية لمواساة الطفل الباكي وسلطت الضوء على أهمية مواساة الطفل الباكي فورًا. تشير النتائج إلى الحاجة إلى نهج جديد لفهم سلوكيات مقدمي الرعاية في سياقات مختلفة.
    响应式看护与安全依恋关系以及积极的儿童发育结果密切相关。然而, 关于响应式看护是否为普遍概念, 仍存在一些争议。在多元文化背景下, 特别是在中低收入国家, 关于响应式看护的研究相对较少。在本研究中, 我们探讨了巴基斯坦信德省农村地区三岁以下儿童的母亲如何理解和实践响应式看护。我们采用现象学定性研究方法, 通过对Naushahro Feroze地区二十位母亲的深入访谈收集数据。访谈问题涵盖母亲对孩子的期望及其在各种不同情况下的响应。我们使用归纳–演绎编码方案的主题内容分析法对数据进行了分析。母亲们在描述其响应式行为和信念时存在显著差异。几乎所有母亲都提到了某种形式的响应式育儿。然而, 在母亲忙碌时如何回应孩子的需求、用言语安慰孩子以及是否应表扬孩子等方面存在分歧。大多数母亲描述了使用母乳喂养来安抚孩子, 并强调立即安慰哭泣孩子的重要性。研究结果表明, 有必要采用更加细致的方法来理解不同背景下的看护者行为。.
    Responsive Fürsorge wird mit einer sicheren Bindung und positiven Outcomes in der kindlichen Entwicklung in Zusammenhang gebracht. Es ist jedoch umstritten, ob responsive Fürsorge ein universelles Konstrukt darstellt. Es gibt nur wenige Studien, die sich mit responsiver Fürsorge in unterschiedlichen kulturellen Kontexten, insbesondere in Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen, befasst haben. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, ob und wie responsive Fürsorge von Müttern mit Kindern unter 3 Jahren im ländlichen Sindh in Pakistan konzeptualisiert wird. Es wurde eine phänomenologisch qualitative Studie durchgeführt, bei der Daten aus Naushahro Feroze in Form von Tiefeninterviews mit zwanzig Müttern genutzt wurden. Die Mütter wurden zu ihren Wunschvorstellungen für ihre Kinder befragt und dazu, wie sie in einer Reihe von unterschiedlichen Szenarien reagieren würden. Die Daten wurden mittels einer thematischen Inhaltsanalyse mit einem induktiv‐deduktiven Codierschema analysiert. Es ergaben sich erhebliche Unterschiede in den Beschreibungen der Mütter über ihre responsiven Verhaltensweisen und Überzeugungen. Fast alle Mütter beschrieben, irgendeine Form von responsiver elterlicher Fürsorge anzuwenden. Es ergab sich unter den Müttern keine Einigkeit darüber, ob auf Forderungen der Kinder einzugehen sei, wenn die Mutter selbst beschäftigt war, Kinder verbal zu trösten seien, und ob die Mütter glaubten, dass Kinder gelobt werden sollten. Die meisten Mütter beschrieben, dass sie ihr Kind durch Stillen trösteten und betonten, wie wichtig es sei, ihr weinendes Kind sofort zu trösten. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass ein differenzierterer Ansatz erforderlich ist, um das Verhalten von Betreuungspersonen in verschiedenen Kontexten zu verstehen.
    応答的な育児は、安定型愛着や子どもの発達に良い結果をもたらすことと関連している。しかし、応答的な育児が普遍的な構成要素であるかどうかについては議論がある。多様な文化的環境、特に低・中所得国における応答的な育児の研究はほとんどない。本研究では、パキスタンのシンド州農村部に住む3歳未満の子どもを持つ母親たちの間で、応答的な育児が概念化されているのか、またどのように概念化されているのかを検証した。ナウシャフロ・フェローゼにおける20人の母親の深層面接法によるデータを用いて、現象学的質的研究を行った。母親たちは、子どもに対する願望と、さまざまな異なるシナリオにおいてどのように対応するかについて質問された。データは、帰納的–演繹的コーディングスキームを用いた主題的内容分析によって分析された。自分の対応行動や信念についての母親の描写にはかなりのばらつきがあった。ほぼすべての母親が、何らかの形で応答的育児を実践していると述べた。母親が何かに気を取られながら子どもの要求に応えること、子どもを慰めるために言葉で応えること、子どもを褒めるべきだと母親が考えている場合は、意見の一致を見なかった。ほとんどの母親は、母乳を与えることを慰めと描写しており、泣いている子どもをすぐに慰めることの重要性を強調していた。この結果は、様々な文脈における養育者の行動を理解するためには、より微妙なアプローチが必要であることを示唆している。.
    Una sensible prestación de cuidado se asocia con una afectividad segura y con resultados positivos en el desarrollo del niño. Sin embargo, se da un debate sobre si la sensible prestación de cuidado es una estructura universal. Pocos estudios han investigado la sensible prestación de cuidado en diversos escenarios culturales, particularmente en países de bajas y medias entradas económicas. En este estudio, exploramos si la sensible prestación de cuidado está conceptualizada entre las madres de niños menores de 3 años en el área rural de Sindh en Pakistán y cómo lo está. Un estudio fenomenológico cualitativo se implementó usando datos de Naushahro Feroze (ciudad en la provincia de Sindh), por medio de entrevistas profundas con veinte madres. A las madres se les preguntó acerca de sus aspiraciones con respecto a sus niños y cómo ellas responderían en una variedad de diferentes escenarios. Se analizaron los datos usando un análisis de contenido temático con un esquema de codificación inductivo‐deductivo. Hubo variación sustancial en las descripciones de las madres acerca de sus conductas y creencias sensibles. Casi todas las madres hicieron las descripciones usando alguna forma de crianza sensible. Faltó el consenso en el caso de responder a las peticiones de los niños mientras la madre estaba preocupada, en el uso de respuestas verbales para consolar a los niños, así como en el caso de si las madres creían que los niños debían ser elogiados. La mayoría de las madres hizo sus descripciones usando el amamantar como manera de consolar y subrayó la importancia de consolar inmediatamente al niño que llora. Los resultados sugieren que hay una necesidad de un acercamiento más matizado para comprender las conductas de prestación de cuidado a través de los contextos.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)和糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)非常普遍。
    目的:探讨AMD或DR患者对疾病和治疗对其日常生活活动的影响的看法。
    方法:使用经过验证的患者报告结果问卷开发的问卷进行半结构化访谈。问卷由19个关于疾病的问题和9个关于治疗的问题组成。问题(项目)以1至9的等级回答。此外,接受采访的患者被邀请对每个问题进行免费评论。通过视频会议或电话采访了9名AMD患者和9名DR患者。对答复进行了定量分析,对评论进行了定性分析。
    结果:与AMD或DR患者最相关的项目是\“在附近时识别人\”,和“阅读报纸或书籍中正常大小字体的文本”,跟着,在AMD患者中,通过\“做你想做的事情\”和,在DR患者中,“对视力问题感到沮丧。“关于治疗,两组最相关的方面是治疗有效,并在治疗前后获得适当的信息。定性评论集中在疾病上,治疗,以及医生和卫生系统的作用。
    结论:定量反应和免费评论有助于改善医生和卫生系统对AMD或DR患者的护理。
    OBJECTIVE: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are highly prevalent.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore perceptions of patients with AMD or DR about the impact of the disease and treatment on their daily living activities.
    METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with a questionnaire developed from validated patient reported outcomes questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions about the disease and 9 about the treatment. The questions (items) were answered on a scale from 1 to 9. In addition, the patient interviewed was invited to make free comments on each question. Nine patients with AMD and 9 with DR were interviewed by videoconference or telephone call. A quantitative analysis of the responses and a qualitative analysis of the comments were carried out.
    RESULTS: The most relevant item for patients with AMD or DR is \"Recognize people when they are nearby\", and \"Read text in normal size font in a newspaper or book\", followed, in patients with AMD, by \"Do things what you would like\" and, in patients with DR, \"Feeling frustrated by the vision problems.\" Regarding the treatment, the most relevant aspects for both groups is that the treatment works and receiving appropriate information before and after the treatment. The qualitative comments were focused to the disease, the treatment, and to the role of doctors and the health system.
    CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative responses and free comments can be useful to improve the care of patients with AMD or DR by physicians and the health system.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:帕金森病(PD)影响身体,认知,情感,以及遭受痛苦的人的社会领域。对患者来说,一个好的策略是加入一个协会,使用他们提供的服务。
    目的:本研究的目的是探索帕金森病患者在帕金森病患者中的经历和认知。
    方法:通过目的和理论抽样选择符合纳入标准的PD患者样本。半结构化定性访谈用于收集数据,通过专题现象学分析进行了分析。使用不同的策略,例如研究人员之间的三角测量,以确保方法的严谨性。
    结果:从10名参与者分析的数据导致了两个主题:协会的背景,收集跨学科治疗的重要性以及与其他患者的关系;以及他们如何看待自己的未来,它描述了PD患者的未来前景。
    结论:患者同意加入协会的重要性,感觉是一个群体的一部分,同时受益于接受跨学科团队的治疗。该协会在疾病的演变中起着相关的作用,因为这会影响病人对未来的想象.在与为患者服务的专业人员建立良好的治疗联盟的基础上制定策略,促进赋权,家庭治疗的坚持和连续性,从而改善PD患者的生活质量。
    BACKGROUND: Parkinson\'s disease (PD) affects the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of people who suffer it. A good strategy for patients is to belong to an Association, using the services they offer.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of patients with PD in a Parkinson\'s Association.
    METHODS: A sample of participants with PD who met the inclusion criteria was selected through purpose and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to collect the data, which was analyzed by thematic phenomenological analysis. Different strategies such as triangulation between researchers were used to ensure methodological rigor.
    RESULTS: The data analyzed from 10 participants led to two themes: the context of the Association, where the importance of interdisciplinary treatments and the relationship with other patients is collected; and how they see their future, which describes the future perspectives that patients with PD have.
    CONCLUSIONS: Patients agree on the importance of belonging to the Association, feeling part of a group, while benefiting from receiving therapies from the interdisciplinary team. The Association plays a relevant role in the evolution of the disease, as it influences how patients imagine their future. Developing strategies based on a good therapeutic alliance with professionals at the service of patients promotes the empowerment, adherence and continuity of treatments at home, which results in improving the quality of life of patients with PD.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    目的:分析加泰罗尼亚协助死亡提供的过程,并确定主要紧张关系,困难,和/或与专业实践相关的不适来源。
    方法:根据参与安乐死过程的专业人士的访谈(n=29)和焦点小组(n=19)进行了一项定性研究。参与者的选择结合了滚雪球和可变性程序的最大化,考虑到专业概况的变量,设置,性别,年龄和地域性。有意和理论抽样过程。
    结果:辅助死亡过程分为四个主要时刻:1)接收请求,2)医疗官僚程序,3)实际程序,4)关闭。在这些时刻中的每一个,出现的困难可能是不适的根源,与法律和道德之间的限制和紧张关系有关,一个人自己的职业角色的概念,缺乏对某些职业角色的认可,压力和过载,缺乏正式和非正式的支持,以及与患者及其家人的关系。来自保护性法律的官僚-行政压力,具有先前和后续验证控制,脱颖而出,鉴于它强调的是,在预算削减和COVID-19疫情爆发后,沉浸在医疗保健系统中的专业人员已经承受着巨大的压力。
    结论:在整个辅助死亡过程中,痛苦的来源是多种多样的,是心理上的,社会心理,和结构性质。这些结果可能导致对心理和同伴支持的干预,信息,培训,机构参与,和减负。
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the process of assisted death provision in Catalonia and identify the main tensions, difficulties, and/or sources of discomfort related to professional practice.
    METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted based on interviews (n=29) and focus groups (n=19) with professionals who participated in the euthanasia process. The selection of participants combined the snowball and maximization of variability procedures, taking into account the variables of professional profile, setting, gender, age and territoriality. Intentional and theoretical sampling process.
    RESULTS: The assisted death process is divided into four main moments: 1) reception of the request, 2) medical-bureaucratic procedure, 3) the actual procedure, and 4) closure. At each of these moments, difficulties arise that can be a source of discomfort and have to do with the limits and tensions between the legal and moral, the conception of one\'s own professional role, the lack of recognition of some professional roles, stress and overload, the lack of formal and informal support, and the relationship with the patient and his/her family. The bureaucratic-administrative stress derived from a protective law, with both prior and subsequent verifying control, stands out, given that it stresses the professionals immersed in a healthcare system already under high pressure after budget cuts and the COVID-19 epidemic.
    CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the assisted death process, the sources of distress are diverse and of a psychological, psychosocial, and structural nature. These results may lead to interventions for psychological and peer support, information, training, institutional involvement, and burden reduction.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    目的:分析西班牙年轻人对性暴力(SV)的看法和经验,其可能的原因,受害者和肇事者。.
    方法:基于对22名18至24岁的年轻人进行半结构化访谈的定性研究。进行了定性内容分析。
    结果:在青少年叙事中,缺乏对SV是什么的定义和准确性,除了提到强奸,在性关系中缺乏同意和使用武力。女孩们,自我认为是主要受害者,通过提供更广阔的视野和性别不平等相关,也打破了这些叙述。总的来说,最流行的观点是,VS是由男人在夫妻内外的异性关系中对女人犯下的。关于解释,提及同时存在背景因素(与性别不平等和性关系的社会建构有关)和行为因素(包括观看色情内容)。提出了与性教育和情感教育有关的改进建议。
    结论:在年轻人的观念中,模棱两可似乎与明确提及其表现的不同方式以及性别不平等的影响并存。性和生活经验似乎会影响这些叙述。有必要促进对SV的社会建设和年轻人群中的亲密关系的更批判性的观点。
    OBJECTIVE: To analyse the perceptions and experiences of young people in Spain about sexual violence (SV), its possible causes, victims and perpetrators..
    METHODS: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with 22 young people between 18 and 24 years old. A qualitative content analysis was carried out.
    RESULTS: In the juvenile narratives, the lack of definition and accuracy about what SV is stands out, except for mentioning rape, lack of consent and use of force in sexual relations. The girls, self-perceived as the main victims, also break with these narratives by providing a broader vision and gender inequalities related. In general, the most prevailed idea is that VS is perpetrated by men against women in heterosexual relationships inside and outside the couple. Regarding explanations, references coexist to both contextual factors (linked to gender inequalities and the social construction of sexual relationships) and behavioural factors (which includes the viewing of pornography). Tentatively proposals for improvement related to sexual and affective education emerge.
    CONCLUSIONS: In the perceptions of the young people, ambiguity seems to coexist with explicit references to the different ways in which it manifests itself and the influence of gender inequalities. Sex and life experience appear to influence these narratives. It is necessary to promote a more critical perspective on the social construction of SV and intimate relationships in the young population.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    目标:为了解梅利利亚寻求堕胎服务的妇女所面临的挑战,西班牙。它试图描述这些妇女的旅程,并确定和分析她们在获得堕胎护理方面遇到的障碍。
    方法:采用定性研究方法,在2022年期间,涉及一系列八次半结构化采访。与堕胎领域的国家专家进行了三次访谈,与梅利利亚保健区的医疗保健专业人员进行了五次访谈,他们直接参与提供堕胎服务并在整个过程中为妇女提供支持。这项研究以一个理论框架为指导,该框架侧重于堕胎及性权利和生殖权利的障碍。使用内容分析对收集的数据进行分析,并根据研究的关键维度进行分类。
    结果:该研究确定了梅利利亚获得堕胎护理的几个重要障碍。这些包括医疗保健提供者的出于良心拒服兵役,梅利利亚的地理偏远,摩洛哥妇女因其身份不正常而面临的法律挑战,以及对16岁和17岁未成年人的父母同意的要求。因此,寻求堕胎服务的妇女被迫前往西班牙大陆,继续意外怀孕,或者在摩洛哥采取不安全的秘密堕胎,从而在最坏的情况下危及他们的生命。
    结论:本研究中发现的堕胎障碍是对梅利利亚妇女生殖权利的侵犯。需要采取紧急行动审查当前进程,确保所有居住在梅利利亚的妇女获得更多的机会,并保证安全堕胎的权利。
    To provide insights into the challenges faced by women seeking abortion services in Melilla, Spain. It seeks to describe the journey these women undertake and to identify and analyze the barriers they encounter in accessing abortion care.
    A qualitative research approach was employed, involving a series of eight semi-structured interviews during 2022. Three interviews were conducted with national experts in the field of abortion, while five interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals from the Melilla Health Area who are directly involved in providing abortion services and supporting women throughout the process. The study was guided by a theoretical framework that focuses on barriers to abortion access and sexual and reproductive rights. The collected data was analyzed using content analysis and categorized based on key dimensions of the study.
    The study identified several significant barriers to abortion care access in Melilla. These include conscientious objection among healthcare providers, the geographical remoteness of Melilla, the legal challenges faced by Moroccan women due to their irregular status, and the requirement of parental consent for minors aged 16 and 17. Consequently, women seeking abortion services are forced to travel to mainland Spain, continue with undesired pregnancies, or resort to unsafe clandestine abortions in Morocco, thereby endangering their lives in the worst cases.
    The barriers to abortion access identified in this study represent a violation of women\'s reproductive rights in Melilla. Urgent action is required to review the current process, ensuring that access is improved and the right to safe abortion is guaranteed for all women residing in Melilla.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:本文的目的是探讨Web2.0作为促进母乳喂养(BF)的传统网络的补充支持网络的影响。
    方法:2022年9月8日至12月31日在拉斯维加斯健康中心(Corvera)进行的定性和探索性研究,阿斯图里亚斯公国卫生服务局(SESPA)。参与者是5名BF专业专家和7名母乳喂养母亲,他组成了两个焦点小组,通过方便抽样选择。分析包括数据的转录,深入阅读,通过将信息的概念和分类分类进行分析。
    结果:经过最终分析,确定了七个类别,根据主题和拟议目标的接近程度组织,基于研究中最重要的论述:BF期间的困难,获得帮助的重要性:首先支持网络,其他支持网络,一个有缺陷的卫生系统,大流行和BF2.0,健康2.0和BF中的应用程序:BF上“理想”应用程序的新形式和特征。
    结论:Web2.0彻底改变了母亲在BF上获取信息和支持的方式,创建一个连接世界各地母亲和专业人士的在线支持网络,提供最新的信息,并通过创建对等群体来提供情感支持的来源。Web2.0的这种积极影响对促进BF和使母亲能够对母乳喂养过程做出明智的决定产生了重大影响。
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to explore the influence of Web 2.0 as a complementary support network to traditional networks for the promotion of breastfeeding (BF).
    METHODS: Qualitative and exploratory study carried out from September 8 to December 31, 2022, at the Las Vegas Health Centre (Corvera), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA). The participants were 5 professional experts in BF and 7 breastfeeding mothers, who made up two focus groups, selected by convenience sampling. The analysis consisted of transcription of data, in-depth reading, analysis by grouping concepts and classification of the information into categories.
    RESULTS: After the final analysis, seven categories were identified, organised according to the proximity of the topic and the proposed objective, based on the most significant discourses of the study: difficulties during BF, importance of receiving help: first support networks, other support networks, A health system with deficiencies, pandemic and BF 2.0, Health 2.0 and apps in BF: new form of support and characteristics of an \"ideal\" app on BF.
    CONCLUSIONS: Web 2.0 has revolutionised the way mothers access information and support on BF, creating an online support network connecting mothers and professionals around the world, providing up-to-date information and enabling a source of emotional support through the creation of peer groups. This positive influence of Web 2.0 has had a significant impact on promoting BF and empowering mothers to make informed decisions about their breastfeeding process.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    UNASSIGNED: comprender los procesos críticos (PC) de determinación social de la obesidad, la diabetes y la hipertensión (ODH) en una comunidad nahua de México.
    UNASSIGNED: estudio cualitativo de registros de un taller de fotovoz, donde las participantes fotografiaron su entorno y analizaron las causas y posibles soluciones a la ODH. Para analizar los PC de la ODH utilizamos como método la investigación narrativa y, como referente teórico, la epidemiología crítica.
    UNASSIGNED: la ODH se reproduce social e históricamente a través de PC destructivos vinculados con las relaciones de producción global y de género. Estas determinan modos de vida deteriorantes que limitan la atención a la salud, comprometen la salud mental, producen contaminación y diferenciación de uso de espacios, y reducen oportunidades para alimentarse nutritivamente y realizar actividad física. Todo ello se expresa como ODH y problemas de salud mental. Los PC protectores ante estas expresiones incluyen la atención estatal, las oportunidades de trabajo, y la promoción de dispositivos culturales y comunitarios.
    UNASSIGNED: nuestros resultados aportan a la discusión global sobre cómo las condiciones históricas de vida son parte de la determinación social de la ODH. Comprender los PC y sus expresiones locales puede orientarnos hacia la descolonización de la forma de pensar y hacer promoción de la salud.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)在与刑事司法系统接触的严重精神疾病患者中很常见。关于EMDR治疗在法医心理健康方面的证据很少,之前没有定性研究探索生活经验的观点。目的:这项定性研究招募成年法医心理健康患者,主要是精神分裂症,作为临床试验的一部分接受了EMDR,无论是在监狱还是在医院。我们试图了解他们在接受法医治疗时的EMDR治疗经验。方法:十个深入,进行了半结构化的定性访谈,并使用主题分析进行了分析。我们用了一个归纳法,现实主义的方法,报告经验,含义,和参与者的现实。结果:确定了五个总体主题。首先,严重的创伤无处不在,参与者感到他们的创伤经历严重搞砸了,使人衰弱和持久的创伤后应激障碍症状导致冒犯和精神病(“给声音一些东西来养活”)。第二,EMDR被认为是早期的怀疑论。第三,治疗本身最初是情绪负担和不容易,但参与者通常感到安全和坚持.第四,他们经常对结果感到惊讶和高兴(而且很有效!),描述显著的症状减轻和个人转变。最后,EMDR适合法医环境,在一个被认为是剥夺权力的地方带来权力。人们报告的变化增加了他们对无暴力未来的希望。结论:鉴于PTSD在精神不健康的罪犯中很常见,并且有可能阻碍康复并导致进一步犯罪,因此对EMDR在法医心理健康方面的研究有限。这项首次定性研究发现参与者经历了积极的变革性变化,超越症状减轻。主题支持先前发表的定量结果,表明EMDR在该队列中是安全有效的。EMDR非常适合法医环境,被视为一种赋权疗法。试验注册:澳大利亚新西兰临床试验注册标识符:ACTRN12618000683235。研究注册:该研究在澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验网络上注册,注册号ACTRN12618000683235(前瞻性注册,2018年4月24日),https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374682。
    这项研究调查了接受EMDR治疗PTSD的法医患者的生活经历,这些人的观点很少被捕获。他们描述受到创伤的深刻影响,发展衰弱和持久的PTSD症状,这些症状会导致冒犯和精神病。参与者第一次听说EMDR时没有良好的第一印象,认为这是“庸医”。然而,他们对结果感到惊讶和高兴,大多数人描述了明显的症状减少和个人转变。针对适应不良行为的一些潜在驱动因素,人们报告希望有更美好的未来。EMDR非常适合法医环境,被视为一种赋权疗法。
    Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in people with serious mental illness who come into contact with the criminal justice system. Little evidence exists on EMDR treatment in forensic mental health, with no prior qualitative research exploring lived experience perspectives.Objective: This qualitative study recruited adult forensic mental health patients with PTSD and psychotic disorders, predominantly schizophrenia, who had received EMDR as part of a clinical trial, either in prison or in hospital. We sought to understand their experiences of EMDR therapy while receiving forensic care.Method: Ten in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken and analysed using thematic analysis. We used an inductive, realist approach, reporting the experiences, meanings, and reality of the participants.Results: Five overarching themes were identified. First, severe trauma was ubiquitous and participants felt Seriously Messed Up by their traumatic experiences, with debilitating and enduring PTSD symptoms contributing to offending and psychosis (\'giving the voices something to feed on\'). Second, EMDR was regarded with Early Scepticism. Third, the therapy itself was initially emotionally taxing and Not Easy but participants generally felt safe and persevered. Fourth, they were often surprised and delighted by results (And it Worked!), describing significant symptom reduction and personal transformation. Lastly, EMDR Fits the Forensic Setting, bringing empowerment in a place perceived as disempowering. People reported changes that increased their hope in a violence-free future.Conclusions: The limited research on EMDR in forensic mental health is unfortunate given how common PTSD is in mentally unwell offenders and its potential to impede recovery and contribute to further offending. This first qualitative study found participants experienced positive transformative change, extending beyond symptom reduction. Themes support previously published quantitative outcomes showing EMDR to be safe and effective in this cohort. EMDR was well suited to a forensic setting and was seen as an empowering therapy.Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12618000683235.Study registration: The study was registered on the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Network, registration number ACTRN12618000683235 (registered prospectively, 24 April 2018), https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id = 374682.
    This study canvases the lived experiences of forensic patients receiving EMDR for PTSD – people whose views are seldom captured. They described being profoundly impacted by trauma, developing debilitating and enduring PTSD symptoms which variably contribute to offending and psychosis.Participants did not have favourable first impressions when they first heard about EMDR, thinking it ‘quackery’. However, they were surprised and delighted by results, with the majority describing marked symptom reduction and personal transformation. Having targeted some of the underlying drivers of maladaptive behaviour, people reported hope for a better future.EMDR was well suited to a forensic setting and was seen as an empowering therapy.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    目标:确定公共卫生护士的角色,并将其与加泰罗尼亚地区的社区护理护士区分开来,通过公共卫生领域专业人士的经验和观点。
    方法:描述性现象学定性研究。与主要线人进行了14次面谈,从公共卫生和社区护理领域,通过我的目的抽样选择。使用主题方法进行内容分析,从结果的三角剖分中创建类别。
    结果:分析了护理在公共卫生领域的专业能力和职能。大多数特定功能都与健康的“护理”和“全球视野”有关。职能和角色的不确定性,与性别不平等有关,导致对专业的认可度低,专业类别缺乏适当性,反映在护士在公共卫生管理岗位上的人数很少。尽管家庭和社区护士分享了一些能力,也有差异。
    结论:这项研究揭示了公共卫生护理的作用,经常被忽视。迫切需要界定公共卫生护士的角色和职能,以避免不平等并增加他们的认可度。
    Identify the role of public health nurses and differentiate it from that of community care nurses in the context of Catalonia, through the experiences and perspectives of professionals in the field of public health.
    Descriptive phenomenological qualitative study. Fourteen interviews were conducted with key informants, from the field of public health and community care, selected by i purposive sampling. Content analysis using thematic methodology, creation of categories from the triangulation of results.
    The professional competencies and functions performed by nursing in the field of public health are analysed. Most of the specific functions were the ones related to \"care\" and the \"global vision\" of health. The indeterminacy of functions and roles, related to gender inequality, leads to a low recognition of the profession and a lack of appropriateness of the professional category, reflected in a low presence of nurses in management positions in public health. Although some competencies are shared with the family and community nurse, there are also differences.
    This study sheds light on the role of public health nursing, often overlooked. It is urgent to define public health nurses role and functions, in order to avoid inequalities and increase their recognition.
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