OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the factors predictive of technology addiction in young children (aged 2-5 years). The study examined the effects of digital parenting awareness, parental stress, family demographic characteristics and parents\' technology use habits on technology addiction in young children.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and February 2024 with 401 volunteer parents of children aged 2-5 years in a province in the Western Mediterranean region of Turkey. Data were collected using the Technology Addiction Scale for Ages 2-5, the Digital Parental Awareness Scale, and the Parental Stress Scale.
RESULTS: Digital parenting awareness, negative modeling and digital neglect, and parental stress positively and directly affect technology addiction in young children (β1 = 0.166, β2 = 0.443, β3 = 0.087, all p < 0.05). Additionally, parental gender (β = 0.095), parental marital status (β = 0.092), and household income (β = 0.088) were significant predictors of technology addiction in young children (p < 0.05). The level of technology addiction is significantly higher in children who use devices without parental controls (Z = -6.187, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Low digital parenting awareness, high parental stress, male caregivers, low household income and single-parent families in digital tools increase the risk of technology addiction in young children (2-5 years). Multidisciplinary, family-oriented intervention programs, incorporating consideration of parental risk factors, should be developed to prevent and reduce technology addiction in this group.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the variables that affect early adolescents\' parents\' digital self-efficacy and digital parenting awareness.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2022, with a sample of 2402 parents. Data were collected using a Parent Information Form, Digital Parenting Awareness Scale, and Digital Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analysed using independent t-tests, Pearson correlations, and one-way ANOVA analysis.
RESULTS: All parents have internet access at home and on their phones, and they all use the internet. The average daily internet usage time is 4.48 ± 2.09 h. A positive correlation was found between the average scores of parents\' digital literacy (r = -0.111; p < 0.001) and digital communication (r = 0.089; p < 0.001). It was determined that the average digital communication subscale score of parents with a primary school degree was higher than that of parents with a university degree or higher (F = 2.783, p = 0.040). It was found that there was no statistical correlation between the amount of time parents spend on the internet daily and their total score and subscale scores of digital self-efficacy (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This study\'s results demonstrate that parents are proficient in digital security, digital literacy, and digital communication. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between digital literacy, digital communication, and digital parenting awareness.
CONCLUSIONS: The study results could guide the development of future interventions to enhance parents\' awareness and competence in digital safety and the use of digital tools.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explain the relationships between parents\' mental well-being and sociodemographic characteristics with digital parenting awareness.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study used structural equation modeling. It was conducted between January and May 2023 in a province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey with 262 parents with children aged 5-11 years. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Digital Parental Awareness Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.
RESULTS: Parents\' mental well-being and digital parenting awareness were significantly associated with the sub-dimensions of being a negative model (β = -0.313), digital negligence (β = -0.187), efficient use (β = 0.284), and protection from risks (β = 0.432; all p < 0.001). Additionally, parental mental well-being, parent\'s internet usage time (years), the perception that their child/children are using digital tools unnecessarily, the monthly income of the family, parent\'s age, and education levels significantly impact digital parenting awareness (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Parents\' mental well-being was moderately and significantly associated with digital parenting awareness. Furthermore, the high number of years of internet usage by parents, having high levels of education and income, being younger, and the perception that their children use digital tools unnecessarily are positively related to digital parenting awareness.

Digital resources have begun to be used frequently by both children and parents. Digital resources, which are used very frequently, have entered our lives more and more with the pandemic with the development of technology. Children are now regular users of smartphones and tablets, so children\'s early digital interactions have brought new concepts into parent-child relationships and the role of the parent. It is thought that it will be important to re-examine the self-efficacy and attitudes of digital parents in this regard and the factors affecting the family-child relationship. Digital parenting is explained as parental efforts and practices aiming at understanding, supporting, and regulating children\'s activities in digital environments. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the correlation between parents\' digital parenting self-efficacy and digital parenting attitudes. The study group of this research consists of 434 parents whose children attend primary school living in different provinces of Turkey. In the research, \"Demographic Information Form\" and \"Digital Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale\" and, \"Digital Parenting Attitude Scale\" were used as data collection tools. Frequency, percentage, standard deviation, correlation, regression, multiple regression, and two-way analysis of variance statistical techniques were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the digital parenting self-efficacy and digital parenting attitude have a moderate correlation and some of the variables are important predictors on the digital parenting self-efficacy.

Internet use among children is increasing. This requires parents to develop digital parenting competencies as they are responsible for their children\'s well-being. In the current study the digital parenting self-efficacy perceptions of Turkish parents are examined with regard to the parental role, educational status, age, number of children, and Internet use experiences. Data were collected from a stratified sample of 7150 Turkish parents (i.e., only the mother or father in each family) from twenty-six provinces through the Digital Parenting Self-Efficacy Perception Scale. Descriptive statistics, comparison tests, and cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the participants\' perceived digital parenting efficacy is high, and that perceptions change in terms of the parental role, educational status, age, number of children, and the Internet use experience.

Concerns about parenting adolescents are not new, but the rapid diffusion of digital technologies has heightened anxieties over digital parenting. Findings are decidedly mixed regarding the impact of digital technologies on adolescent well-being, and parents are left to navigate their concerns without an empirically based road map. A missing link for understanding the state of the science is a clear characterization of how digital parenting is measured, including an evaluation of which areas demand an outsized share of scientific attention and which have been overlooked. To address this gap, we undertook two interdisciplinary systematic reviews of the digital-parenting literature and characterized measurement across (a) quantitative surveys (n = 145 studies) and (b) qualitative focus groups, interviews, codesign studies, and user studies (n = 49). We describe previously popular areas of survey measurement that are of decreasing relevance to parenting of digital spaces (e.g., co-use, hovering). We likewise highlight areas that have been overlooked, including consideration of positive uses of digital technologies, acknowledgment of bidirectional influence, and attention to heterogeneity among families and to extraparental social ecologies of support and monitoring. We provide recommendations for the future of digital-parenting research and propose a more comprehensive approach to measuring how modern adolescents are parented.

The prevalence of digital play devices, including tablets and smartphones, has led to overuse among some young children. The purpose of this research is to examine the overuse cases among young children. Participants of this qualitative case study were five children aged five to seven years, their parents, and a psychiatrist. The data were mainly obtained through semi-structured interviews. Interviews were further supported by close observations, a collection of digital play diaries, as well as an interview with a psychiatrist who specializes in childhood gaming addiction. Then data analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results are presented in five themes: practices, reasons, feelings about overuse, restricting playtime, and content. The first three themes described the nature of the overuse, while the last two themes described the parents\' efforts to restrict their children\'s digital play. Findings revealed that the joint effects of different factors triggered children\'s overuse, that parents and children felt a range of emotions from happiness to aggression, and that parents\' restrictive mediation strategies were mostly infective.