Physical activity has numerous health benefits, enhancing overall wellbeing. However, it can also lead to injuries, impeding exercise capacity and hindering work. Limited knowledge exists about the prevalence of overuse gym injuries and whether they vary across different gym activities. This study aims to estimate sport injuries at fitness centers in Saudi Arabia, comparing injuries between various activities and session durations. This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study surveyed regular gym-goers in Saudi Arabia with overuse injuries. The online survey, distributed through social media apps, collected data using a validated Google form questionnaire. Questioanire consists of 3 parts. First part of the questionnaire included demographic characteristics of participants. Second part contains characteristics related to gym as gym session\'s duration, frequency of attending gym per week, sport types, type of injuries and site of injuries. Third part contains Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Overuse injury questionnaire that included 4 questions about difficulties in participation, reduction of training, affection of performance and symptoms. Study included 1012 participants, majority male (76.2%), with age range of 18 to 50 years, and significant proportion falling between 26 and 30 years (52.6%). Majority of participants were from Central Province (42.9%). Gym sessions typically lasted 1 to 2 hours (68.3%), and most common attendance frequency was 4 days/week (39.6%). Common injury sites were shoulder (25.2%), knee (20.2%), and lower back (17.7%). Bodybuilding (50.6%), running (45.8%), and weightlifting/powerlifting (45.1%) were predominant sports. Strain/muscle rupture/tear (35.70%) and muscle cramps/spasm (19.3%) were commonest injury types. Longer gym sessions (>2 hours) were associated with higher prevalence of strain/muscle rupture/tear, dislocation, and subluxation (P < .001). Shorter sessions (<1 hour) had higher prevalence of muscle cramps/spasm and contusion/hematoma/bruise (P < .001). Gym sessions lasting 1 to 2 hours had high prevalence in tendinosis/tendinopathy. Strain/muscle rupture/tear was significantly higher in bodybuilding, weightlifting/powerlifting, swimming, cycling, and running. Tendinosis/tendinopathy was higher in crossfit. (OSTRC) Overuse injury questionnaire revealed decreased participation, training volume, performance, and increased pain with longer gym sessions. In conclusion, gym-related injuries are common, with bodybuilding and running being prevalent activities. Preventative measures should be taken, and individuals are advised to undergo a physical and medical examination before engaging in physical activity at fitness centers.

Objective  To investigate the epidemiology of injury types among jiu-jitsu practitioners, as well as the incidence regarding different skill and experience levels, through the question: \"What are the characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in Jiu-Jitsu practitioners?\". Methods  Since the beginning of the study, in August 2020, we conducted a search on the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO electronic databases. We included cross-sectional studies published between 2018 and 2023 on the epidemiology of the types of injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners that compared their incidence regarding different levels of ability and experience. Two independent researchers performed the data extraction and assessed the risk of bias. Results  Seven studies were included. The common outcomes involved 2,847 jiu-jitsu practitioners. A high prevalence in the knee joint and chest and rib areas was reported. Considering the difference in experience level among the practitioners, we could observe that most of the individuals included were beginners. Among the age groups observed, male practitioners older than 30 years of age were the ones who presented the highest rate of musculoskeletal injury, especially during training sessions. Conclusion  There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners. The most affected anatomical segments are the knee joint, the chest, and the rib region, followed by the shoulder joint. The related factors change according to certain variables, being more common during training in male individuals over 30 years of age and beginners in the sport.

OBJECTIVE: To explore and describe therapeutic approaches for the prevention of upper limb (UL) repetitive strain injuries (RSI) amongst computer users in the twenty-first century.
METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using the method described by Arksey and O\'Malley, further enhanced by Levac et al. to ensure rigor, validity and reliability during analysis. Key concepts pertaining to the research question have been mapped, following comprehensive searches of relevant electronic databases namely EBSCOHost (Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, eBook Collection, E-Journals, Health Source-Consumer Edition, Health Sources-Nursing/Academic Edition and MEDLINE), PUBMED and Google Scholar. The identified studies have been presented in a descriptive numerical summary to address the research aim.
RESULTS: From the 577 studies initially identified, 58 studies were eligible for inclusion in the scoping review after abstract and full text screening. Strategies for the prevention of UL RSIs in computer users were categorised into overarching types of intervention as well as the factors which contribute towards sustained implementation of prevention strategies. Using ergonomic equipment was the most prevalent approach during intervention, breaks and rest periods were found to be the less common intervention offered to prevent RSIs. The majority of the studies noted personal worksite adjustments, including adjustments of the chair, back rest, lumbar support, handles or any arm support to the individual as a strategy to prevent UL RSIs. In high income countries the use of ergonomic equipment was the most common type of approach during intervention, in middle income countries stretches were the most common therapeutic intervention strategy and in low-income countries there was an even distribution between a number of different therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing RSIs.
CONCLUSIONS: The review provides an overview of approaches and a comprehensive baseline for identifying further research required to generate prevention approaches. The information within the review may be used to impact company practice, policy and decision making in terms of developing prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVE: Ballet dancers have a high injury risk. We aimed to gain insight into the causes for acute and overuse injuries in ballet dancers and the level of implementation of injury prevention by ballet teachers/masters, as perceived by dancers.
METHODS: An international cross-sectional online-survey was based on the Fit-to-Dance Questionnaire and literature. Adult amateur, pre-professional, and professional ballet dancers reported the perceived causes of their injuries sustained in the previous 2 years. Multiple answers per injury were possible. Also, dancers rated the level of implementation of measures to prevent injury by their ballet teachers and ballet masters based on 21 items using a 5-point Likert scale. Causes were analyzed per-injury as well as per-dancer.
RESULTS: 188 ballet ensembles and 51 dance organizations were contacted, from which 192 ballet dancers (mean age 27 ±7.8 yrs, 83% females) responded. 119 dancers (62%) reported 203 acute and 164 (85%) reported 469 overuse injuries. Fatigue was the most frequently perceived cause for acute injuries in the per-injury (n=89, 43.8%) and per-dancer analysis (n=63, 32.8%). For overuse injuries, pressure from the teacher/master was most frequently perceived as cause in the per-injury analysis (n=240, 51.2%), specifically in pre-/professional dancers (n=233, 61.3%). In the per-dancer analysis, fatigue/overtraining scored highest for overuse injuries (n=107; 55.7%). Other causes were previous/repetitive injuries (acute-per-injury 26.1%, acute-per-dancer 22.4%; overuse-per-injury 46.3%, overuse-per-dancer 53.1%) or erroneous dance technique (acute-per-injury 24.6%, acute-per-dancer 21.9%; overuse-per-injury 47.8%, overuse-per-dancer 45.3%). With regard to perceived level of implementation of injury preventive measures by ballet teachers/masters to prevent musculoskeletal injuries, 2 items received high ratings, 12 moderate ratings and 6 low ratings.
CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue and pressure accounted for the majority of perceived causes for injuries. Perceived support by ballet teachers/masters regarding injury prevention was moderate to low. Future research should focus on the awareness, attitudes, and the important role of ballet teachers/masters for injury prevention in dancers.

Ultrasound (US) has numerous applications in sports traumatology. The technical progress of mobile US devices has led to increasing use of ultrasound as a primary diagnostic tool. New applications such as elastography and 3 D vascularization are used for special indications.The purpose of this review is to present the current status of ultrasound in the diagnosis of sports injuries and sport traumatology including established applications and new technical advances. US is presented both in its comparison to other imaging modalities and as a sole diagnostic tool.US can be used for initial diagnosis to improve the clinical examination and for intensive shortterm follow-up imaging. The main areas of application are currently the diagnosis of acute muscle and tendon injuries as well as overuse injuries. In particular, the exclusion of structural muscle injuries can be adequately ensured with US in the majority of anatomical regions. The recently published guideline on fracture ultrasound has strengthened the clinical evidence in this area, especially in comparison to conventional radiography and in the development of algorithms and standards. The increasing use of mobile ultrasound equipment with adequate image quality makes US a location-independent modality that can also be used at training sites or during road games.
Die Ultraschalldiagnostik umfasst zahlreiche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Sporttraumatologie. Der technische Fortschritt mobiler Geräte führt zu einer zunehmenden Nutzung der Sonografie als fokussierte Erstdiagnostik. Neue Verfahren wie die Elastografie und 3D-Vaskularisation umfassen vorrangig die spezialisierte Sonografie in wenigen Fragestellungen.Die vorliegende Übersicht soll den aktuellen Stellenwert der Sonografie in der Sporttraumatologie, ihre etablierten Anwendungsgebiete und neuen technischen Fortschritte vorstellen. Dabei wird der Ultraschall sowohl in seiner Stellung zu anderen bildgebenden Verfahren als auch als alleiniges Diagnostikum bewertet.Ultraschall kann sowohl zur Initialdiagnostik als auch als Verlaufsbildgebung angewendet werden. Hauptanwendungsgebiete sind aktuell die Diagnostik von akuten Muskel- und Sehnenverletzungen sowie Überlastungsschäden. Insbesondere der Ausschluss struktureller Muskelverletzungen ist mit dem US an ausgewählten anatomischen Regionen suffizient zu gewährleisten. Durch die kürzlich neu publizierte Leitlinie zur Fraktursonografie wurde die klinische Evidenz in diesem Bereich gestärkt, vor allem im Vergleich zum konventionellen Röntgen sowie in der Entwicklung von Algorithmen und Standards. Der zunehmende Einsatz mobiler Ultraschallgeräte mit adäquater Bildqualität machen die Sonografie zu einer ortsunabhängigen Modalität, die auch in Trainingsstätten als bildgebende Erweiterung der klinischen Untersuchung genutzt werden kann. · Typische Einsatzgebiete sind die rasche, fokussierte Initialdiagnostik sowie das kurzzeitige Follow-Up nach Verletzungen.. · Mobile US-Geräte ermöglichen den zunehmenden Einsatz in Trainingsstätten oder im Trainingslager.. · Neue US-Applikationen (SWE, 3 D) erhöhen die Standardisierung in Verlaufskontrollen von Sehnenverletzungen.. · Die gezielte Implementierung des US in der muskuloskelettalen Diagnostik spart Kosten und Kapazitäten... · Lerchbaumer MH, Perschk M, Gwinner C. Ultrasound in sports traumatology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; DOI 10.1055/a-2185–8264.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency, type, and severity of health problems in long-track speed skating to inform injury prevention strategies.
METHODS: We prospectively collected weekly health and sport exposure data on 84 highly trained Dutch athletes aged 15-21 years during the 2019/2020 season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire on Health Problems and the trainers\' documentation. We categorised health problems into acute or repetitive mechanisms of injury or illness and calculated incidences (per 1000 sports exposure hours), weekly prevalence and burden (days of time loss per 1000 sports exposure hours) related to the affected body region.
RESULTS: We registered 283 health problems (187 injuries, 96 illnesses), yielding an average weekly prevalence of health problems of 30.5% (95% CI 28.7% to 32.2%). Incidence rates were 2.0/1000 hours for acute mechanism injuries (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) and 3.2/1000 hours for illnesses (95% CI 2.6 to 3.9). For acute mechanism injuries the head, shoulder and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden of 5.6 (95% CI 4.8 to 6.5), 2.9 (95% CI 2.3 to 3.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively. For repetitive mechanism injuries, the knee, thoracic spine, lower leg and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden, with 11.0 (95% CI 9.8 to 12.2), 6.8 (95% CI 5.9 to 7.7), 3.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.6) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.1) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of acute and repetitive mechanism injuries in speed skating. These results can guide future research and priorities for injury prevention.

Overuse injuries, which have a high prevalence in sport, are suggested to result in different affective responses in comparison to traumatic injuries. Affects may also reciprocally act as risk factors for overuse injury. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between overuse injury and affects within a longitudinal follow-up design. Competitive athletes (N = 149) of various sports and levels of competition completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse injury questionnaire (OSTRC-O) once a week over 10 consecutive weeks. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to evaluate the associations within and across weeks between OSTRC-O severity score and affects. Results indicated that OSTRC-O severity score and positive affects (PA) had a statistically significant negative within-week relation (r = -24.51, 95% CI = [-33.9, -15.1], p < 0.001). Higher scores of overuse injury were significantly related to lower levels of PA across weeks (ß = -0.02, 95% CI = [-0.04, -0.001], p = 0.044), while the reciprocal effect of PA on overuse injury was not significant (ß = -0.13, 95% CI = [-0.52, 0.26], p = 0.51). No statistically significant association was observed between OSTRC-O severity score and negative affects, neither within nor across weeks. Our findings suggest that overuse injury may have adverse psychological consequences on the long run through lessened PA and address the need for providing sustainable psychological support focusing upon such PA when working with athletes experiencing overuse injury.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of two exercise interventions in reducing lower extremity (LE) injuries in novice recreational runners.
METHODS: Novice runners (245 female, 80 male) were randomised into hip and core (n=108), ankle and foot (n=111) or control (n=106) groups. Interventions were completed before running and included exercise programmes focusing on either (1) hip and core or (2) ankle and foot muscles. The control group performed static stretching exercises. All groups were supervised by a physiotherapist and performed the same running programme. Injuries and running exposure were registered using weekly questionnaires during the 24-week study. Primary outcome was running-related LE injury.
RESULTS: The incidence of LE injuries was lower in the hip and core group compared with the control group (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97). The average weekly prevalence of overuse injuries was 39% lower (prevalence rate ratio, PRR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.96), and the prevalence of substantial overuse injuries was 52% lower (PRR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.90) in the hip and core group compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed between the ankle and foot group and control group in the prevalence of overuse injuries. A higher incidence of acute injuries was observed in the ankle and foot group compared with the control group (HR 3.60, 95% CI 1.20 to 10.86).
CONCLUSIONS: A physiotherapist-guided hip and core-focused exercise programme was effective in preventing LE injuries in novice recreational runners. The ankle and foot programme did not reduce LE injuries and did not protect against acute LE injuries when compared with static stretching.

UNASSIGNED: Dockworkers are exposed to physical overloads that can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, leading to functional disability and absenteeism.
UNASSIGNED: to map, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases associated with port occupational activities.
UNASSIGNED: A comprehensive search was conducted in structured and unstructured databases in August 2023, with no date or language restriction, to identify observational studies evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers\' occupational activity. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools based on the included study designs. Data from studies were pooled in meta-analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.
UNASSIGNED: We identified 12 analytical cross-sectional studies involving 7821 participants in ports of five countries. Most studies (75%) had a moderate methodological quality according to the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Considering the overall worker categories and any musculoskeletal disorders, the meta-analysis showed a prevalence of 58% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 37% to 78%), with degenerative spinal diseases 42% (95% CI -0.6% to 91%) and low back pain 36% (95% CI 21% to 50%) being the most prevalent conditions. Symptoms were predominantly in foremen and stevedores. The certainty of the evidence was very low.
UNASSIGNED: Musculoskeletal disorders seem prevalent among dockworkers, mainly degenerative spinal diseases and low back pain. Studies with greater methodological consistency are still needed to validate these hypotheses and assist in decision-making for implementing preventive and informational policies in maritime port management organizations. PROSPERO registry CRD42021257677.

UNASSIGNED: Load carriage tasks during United States Marine Corps (USMC) recruit training can cause injury. Load carriage conditioning, if optimized, can reduce injury risk.
UNASSIGNED: To compare injuries sustained by USMC recruits following participation in either the Original Load Carriage (OLC) program or a Modified Load Carriage (MLC) program.
UNASSIGNED: Retrospective musculoskeletal injury data were drawn from the USMC San Diego Sports Medicine injury database for recruits completing the OLC (n = 2,363) and MLC (n = 681) programs. Data were expressed as descriptive statistics and a population estimate of the OLC:MLC relative risk ratio (RR) was calculated.
UNASSIGNED: The proportion of injuries sustained in the MLC cohort (n = 268; 39% : OLC cohort, n = 1,372 : 58%) was lower, as was the RR (0.68, 95% CI 0.61- 0.75). The leading nature of injury for both cohorts was sprains and strains (OLC n = 396, 29%; MLC n = 66; 25%). Stress reactions were proportionally higher in MLC (n = 17, 6%; OLC n = 4, 0.3%), while stress fractures were proportionately lower (MLC n = 9, 3%; OLC n = 114, 8%). Overuse injuries were lower in MLC (- 7%). The knee, lower leg, ankle, and foot were the top four bodily sites of injuries and the Small Unit Leadership Evaluation (SULE), Crucible, overuse-nonspecific, running, and conditioning hikes were within the top five most common events causing injury. The prevalence rates of moderate severity injury were similar (MLC = 23%; OLC = 24%), although MLC presented both a higher proportion and prevalence of severe injuries (MLC = 6%; OLC = 3%, respectively).
UNASSIGNED: A periodized load carriage program concurrently increased exposure to load carriage hikes while reducing injuries both during the load carriage hikes and overall.