Objective  To investigate the epidemiology of injury types among jiu-jitsu practitioners, as well as the incidence regarding different skill and experience levels, through the question: \"What are the characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in Jiu-Jitsu practitioners?\". Methods  Since the beginning of the study, in August 2020, we conducted a search on the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO electronic databases. We included cross-sectional studies published between 2018 and 2023 on the epidemiology of the types of injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners that compared their incidence regarding different levels of ability and experience. Two independent researchers performed the data extraction and assessed the risk of bias. Results  Seven studies were included. The common outcomes involved 2,847 jiu-jitsu practitioners. A high prevalence in the knee joint and chest and rib areas was reported. Considering the difference in experience level among the practitioners, we could observe that most of the individuals included were beginners. Among the age groups observed, male practitioners older than 30 years of age were the ones who presented the highest rate of musculoskeletal injury, especially during training sessions. Conclusion  There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners. The most affected anatomical segments are the knee joint, the chest, and the rib region, followed by the shoulder joint. The related factors change according to certain variables, being more common during training in male individuals over 30 years of age and beginners in the sport.

OBJECTIVE: To explore and describe therapeutic approaches for the prevention of upper limb (UL) repetitive strain injuries (RSI) amongst computer users in the twenty-first century.
METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using the method described by Arksey and O\'Malley, further enhanced by Levac et al. to ensure rigor, validity and reliability during analysis. Key concepts pertaining to the research question have been mapped, following comprehensive searches of relevant electronic databases namely EBSCOHost (Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, eBook Collection, E-Journals, Health Source-Consumer Edition, Health Sources-Nursing/Academic Edition and MEDLINE), PUBMED and Google Scholar. The identified studies have been presented in a descriptive numerical summary to address the research aim.
RESULTS: From the 577 studies initially identified, 58 studies were eligible for inclusion in the scoping review after abstract and full text screening. Strategies for the prevention of UL RSIs in computer users were categorised into overarching types of intervention as well as the factors which contribute towards sustained implementation of prevention strategies. Using ergonomic equipment was the most prevalent approach during intervention, breaks and rest periods were found to be the less common intervention offered to prevent RSIs. The majority of the studies noted personal worksite adjustments, including adjustments of the chair, back rest, lumbar support, handles or any arm support to the individual as a strategy to prevent UL RSIs. In high income countries the use of ergonomic equipment was the most common type of approach during intervention, in middle income countries stretches were the most common therapeutic intervention strategy and in low-income countries there was an even distribution between a number of different therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing RSIs.
CONCLUSIONS: The review provides an overview of approaches and a comprehensive baseline for identifying further research required to generate prevention approaches. The information within the review may be used to impact company practice, policy and decision making in terms of developing prevention strategies.

UNASSIGNED: Dockworkers are exposed to physical overloads that can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, leading to functional disability and absenteeism.
UNASSIGNED: to map, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases associated with port occupational activities.
UNASSIGNED: A comprehensive search was conducted in structured and unstructured databases in August 2023, with no date or language restriction, to identify observational studies evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers\' occupational activity. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools based on the included study designs. Data from studies were pooled in meta-analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.
UNASSIGNED: We identified 12 analytical cross-sectional studies involving 7821 participants in ports of five countries. Most studies (75%) had a moderate methodological quality according to the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Considering the overall worker categories and any musculoskeletal disorders, the meta-analysis showed a prevalence of 58% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 37% to 78%), with degenerative spinal diseases 42% (95% CI -0.6% to 91%) and low back pain 36% (95% CI 21% to 50%) being the most prevalent conditions. Symptoms were predominantly in foremen and stevedores. The certainty of the evidence was very low.
UNASSIGNED: Musculoskeletal disorders seem prevalent among dockworkers, mainly degenerative spinal diseases and low back pain. Studies with greater methodological consistency are still needed to validate these hypotheses and assist in decision-making for implementing preventive and informational policies in maritime port management organizations. PROSPERO registry CRD42021257677.

BACKGROUND: Overuse injuries are common in sports involving jumping, running, and landing, due to the repetitive nature of these activities and the strain they place on the lower extremity. The objective of the study was to determine the role of strengthening exercises in the management of overuse sports injuries of lower extremity and its effects on prevention of injury recurrence.
METHODS: This study employed a systematic review design. The author extracted and reviewed the papers for this study in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, and then used the PEDro scale to rate the articles\' quality. For the most recent and well-developed primary data, several electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PEDro were exhaustively searched. Inclusion criteria were based on PICO (T) model and included study population, intervention nature, outcome measures, time period, methodological quality, and linguistic extent.
RESULTS: The data synthesis involved analyzing randomized control/clinical trials on strengthening exercises for lower extremity overuse sports injuries in athletes, considering outcomes including muscle strength, pain scores, return to sports, and injury prevention.
CONCLUSIONS: The methodological quality of the recruited articles ranged from excellent to fair on PEDro scale. Three included studies investigated the effects of strengthening exercises on management of lower extremity injuries of athletes. Four studies evaluated its role on prevention from recurrence of injuries. This study has concluded that strength training plays a fundamental role in management and prevention of overuse injuries. It not only improves the muscle performance, fitness level, speed and agility in sports but also decreases the pain, and aids in early recovery from an injury.

In baseball pitchers, the association of fatigue with overuse injury and decline in pitching performance has been discussed frequently, but the scientific data concerning their interrelationships have been inconsistently reported. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize and explore the evidence regarding acute changes in pitching biomechanics and performance from repetitive throwing motions among baseball pitchers. Muscle fatigue from repetitive throwing not only decreases muscle output but also disturbs the kinetic chain of baseball pitching. In addition, repetitive throwing can impair the proprioceptive and kinesthetic functions needed for accurate joint position sense in the shoulder and elbow. Consequently, these changes negatively affect ball velocity and pitching accuracy, two critical aspects of overall pitching performance. Moreover, the cumulative loading caused by fatigue contributes to the high prevalence of overuse injuries, particularly in the elbow and shoulder joints. Thus it is important to comprehensively understand the relationships among changed pitching mechanics, deteriorated performance, and musculoskeletal injury originating from muscle fatigue due to repetitive pitching.

The purpose of this literature review was to analyze, understand, and disclose prior empirical findings about the injury risks associated with youth sport specialization.
Articles were included in this review if they examined the association between youth sport specialization status and injury. Nine articles from 5 journals met these criteria. All articles summarized the findings of cross-sectional (N = 5) or cohort studies (N = 4).
Each article included in this review indicated that specialized youth athletes are more susceptible to injury. Only 5 studies assessed the injury risks linked to specialization independent of sport training volume. These studies produced contradictory results.
Although specialized youth athletes are more prone to injury, future research is needed to determine the independent and inherent injury risk associated with specialization. Nevertheless, youth athletes should refrain from specialization until at least adolescence.

Musculoskeletal injury (MSI) contributes to global health burdens. Effective MSI prevention is necessary. MSI risk factor screening tools can be used by employers to identify and mitigate occupational hazards. Rigorous synthesis of the effectiveness of these tools has not taken place. We synthesized literature on effectiveness of MSI risk factor screening tools for reducing injury through informing prevention interventions.
A literature search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library (Trials), CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO databases was performed. Included studies required an analytic design, used an MSI risk factor screening tool to inform an intervention in a working-age population and reported an outcome of MSI development, injury or compensation/work absence. Data extraction and study quality rating (Downs and Black criteria) were completed. Studies were sub-categorized as having used a single MSI screening tool (single-tool) to inform an injury prevention intervention or involving multiple simultaneous screening tools (multiple-tool). Study outcomes were synthesized when possible.
Eighteen articles representing fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. No high-quality studies were identified (maximum Downs and Black score of 19). Studies did not employ previously validated tools but instead, typically, those purpose-built for a single use. The results were inconsistent both when using tools alone and in combination with other tools. Outcome measure heterogeneity precluded meaningful meta-analysis.
There is limited evidence regarding use of MSI risk factor screening tools for preventing injury. Rigorous studies that utilize previously validated tools are needed.

暂无摘要。

Tibial stress fracture (TSF) is an overuse running injury with a long recovery period. While many running studies refer to biomechanical risk factors for TSF, only a few have compared biomechanics in runners with TSF to controls. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate biomechanics in runners with TSF compared to controls.
Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched. Risk of bias was assessed and meta-analysis conducted for variables reported in 3 or more studies.
The search retrieved 359 unique records, but only the 14 that compared runners with TSF to controls were included in the review. Most studies were retrospective, 2 were prospective, and most had a small sample size (5-30 per group). Many variables were not significantly different between groups. Meta-analysis of peak impact, active, and braking ground reaction forces found no significant differences between groups. Individual studies found larger tibial peak anterior tensile stress, peak posterior compressive stress, peak axial acceleration, peak rearfoot eversion, and hip adduction in the TSF group.
Meta-analysis indicated that discrete ground reaction force variables were not statistically significantly different in runners with TSF compared to controls. In individual included studies, many biomechanical variables were not statistically significantly different between groups. However, many were reported by only a single study, and sample sizes were small. We encourage additional studies with larger sample sizes of runners with TSF and controls and adequate statistical power to confirm or refute these findings.

OBJECTIVE: In September 2021, the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs in Germany (BMAS) recommended recognising rotator cuff lesions caused by occupational long-term overhead work, repetitive movements, hand-arm-vibration and carrying and lifting heavy loads as an occupational disease. To gain a more detailed understanding of the correlation between occupational risk factors and lesions of the rotator cuff, a systematic literature review was carried out to determine their influence on the development of rotator cuff disease.
METHODS: A systematic literature review was used to search in the databases PubMed, Cochrane and Web-of-Science for papers dealing with occupational shoulder load and associated shoulder disorders. The influence of overhead work, repetitive movements, hand-arm-vibrations and carrying and lifting heavy loads were examined.
RESULTS: 58 studies were read in full text, of which 13 papers were included in the meta-analysis. In all risk factors, a significant association can be found with the strongest dose-response relationship in \"overhead work\" and \"repetitive movements\": overhead work: 2.23 (95% CI 1.98-2.52), repetitive movements: 2.17 (95% CI 1.92-2.46), hand-arm-vibration: 1.59 (95% CI 1.13-2.23), carrying and lifting heavy loads: 1.57 (95% CI 1.15-2.15).
CONCLUSIONS: Although a significant effect could be shown in our study for all the four risk factors examined, due to the low number of studies with high-quality study design and insufficient pathophysiological explanation for the development of a rotator cuff disease in these mechanical activities, no reliable correlation can currently be established.
UNASSIGNED: Im September 2021 wurde vom „Ärztlichen Sachverständigenbeirat Berufskrankheiten“ beim Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) die Empfehlung ausgesprochen, Läsionen der Rotatorenmanschette durch berufliche und langjährige Überschulterarbeit, repetitive Bewegungen, Tragen und Heben von schweren Lasten und Hand-Arm-Schwingungen (Vibration) als Berufskrankheit anzuerkennen. Um ein genaueres Verständnis über den Zusammenhang zwischen beruflichen Risikofaktoren und Schäden der Rotatorenmanschette zu erlangen, wurde in einer systematischen Literaturrecherche deren Einfluss auf die Entstehung von Schäden an der Rotatorenmanschette der Schulter untersucht und anhand dieser Ergebnisse die Empfehlung des BMAS eingeordnet.
UNASSIGNED: Mithilfe einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurde in den Datenbanken PubMed, Cochrane und Web-of-Science nach Arbeiten gesucht, die sich mit beruflicher Schulterbelastung und damit einhergehenden Schulterbeschwerden beschäftigten. Als Risikofaktoren wurde der Einfluss von Überkopfarbeit, repetitiver Arbeit, Vibration und Tragen und Heben von schweren Lasten untersucht.
UNASSIGNED: 58 Studien wurden im Volltext gelesen, wovon 13 Studien in die Metaanalyse inkludiert wurden. Alle untersuchten Risikofaktoren zeigten einen signifikanten Zusammenhang auf, wobei die stärkste Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung für die Risikofaktoren „Überkopfarbeit“ und „repetitive Arbeit“ gefunden wurde: Einfluss von Überkopfarbeit: 2,23 (95%-KI 1,98–2,52), Einfluss von repetitiver Arbeit: 2,17 (95%-KI 1,92–2,46), Einfluss von Vibration: 1,59 (95%-KI 1,13–2,23), Heben und Tragen von schweren Lasten: 1,57 (95%-KI 1,15–2,15).
UNASSIGNED: Zwar konnte in unserer Studie für alle 4 untersuchten Risikofaktoren ein signifikanter Effekt nachgewiesen werden, jedoch ist aufgrund der unzureichenden Menge an verfügbaren Studien mit qualitativ hochwertigem Studiendesign und unzureichender pathophysiologischer Erklärung für die Entstehung eines Rotatorenmanschettenschadens bei diesen mechanischen Tätigkeiten nach derzeitigem Stand ein Zusammenhang nicht sicher nachweisbar.