复杂的,大自然设计的优雅蛋白质聚合物可以作为重新设计和使用合成生物学生物制造蛋白质材料的灵感。历史上,石油基聚合物材料在工业活动中占主导地位,从而改变我们的生活方式。虽然这对人类有益,这些材料的制造和处置导致环境可持续性挑战。幸运的是,基于蛋白质的生物聚合物可以与基于石油的聚合物竞争并可能超过其性能,因为它们可以以环境友好的方式进行生物生产和降解。本文回顾了四组基于蛋白质的聚合物,包括纤维蛋白(胶原蛋白,丝素蛋白,纤丝蛋白,和角蛋白),弹性蛋白(弹性蛋白,resilin,和小麦谷蛋白),粘附/基质蛋白(海绵体和海胆林),和蓝霉素。我们讨论了蛋白质序列之间的联系,结构,函数,和仿生应用。蛋白质工程技术,比如定向进化和合理设计,可用于提高天然蛋白质基材料的功能。例如,包含特定的蛋白质结构域,特别是那些在结构蛋白中观察到的,比如丝绸和胶原蛋白,能够创造具有特殊机械性能和适应性的新型仿生材料。这篇综述还讨论了通过合成生物学结合仿生方法生产和应用新型蛋白质基材料的最新进展,为未来尖端生物灵感产品的研究和开发提供洞察力。基于蛋白质的聚合物,利用自然的设计作为基础,然后通过生物学和工程学交叉的进步进行了修改,可以为人类提供更可持续的产品。
The sophisticated, elegant protein-polymers designed by nature can serve as inspiration to redesign and biomanufacture protein-based materials using synthetic biology. Historically, petro-based polymeric materials have dominated industrial activities, consequently transforming our way of living. While this benefits humans, the fabrication and disposal of these materials causes environmental sustainability challenges. Fortunately, protein-based biopolymers can compete with and potentially surpass the performance of petro-based polymers because they can be biologically produced and degraded in an environmentally friendly fashion. This paper reviews four groups of protein-based polymers, including fibrous proteins (collagen, silk fibroin, fibrillin, and keratin), elastomeric proteins (elastin, resilin, and wheat glutenin), adhesive/matrix proteins (spongin and conchiolin), and cyanophycin. We discuss the connection between protein sequence, structure, function, and biomimetic applications. Protein engineering techniques, such as directed evolution and rational design, can be used to improve the functionality of natural protein-based materials. For example, the inclusion of specific protein domains, particularly those observed in structural proteins, such as silk and collagen, enables the creation of novel biomimetic materials with exceptional mechanical properties and adaptability. This review also discusses recent advancements in the production and application of new protein-based materials through the approach of synthetic biology combined
biomimetics, providing insight for future research and development of cutting-edge bio-inspired products. Protein-based polymers that utilize nature\'s designs as a base, then modified by advancements at the intersection of biology and engineering, may provide mankind with more sustainable products.