自然界中的生物经历了数十亿年的持续进化，从而形成高性能的抗骨折生物矿化组织，如骨骼和牙齿，以实现机械和生物学功能，尽管构成生物矿化组织的大多数无机生物矿物都是脆弱和脆弱的。在长期的演化过程中,大自然已经发展出许多高效和智能的策略来设计生物矿化组织的化学成分和结构，以实现卓越的性能并适应周围环境。大多数生物矿化组织具有分层有序的结构，由纳米级的非常小的构建块组成（纳米颗粒，纳米纤维或纳米薄片）以减少相应无机生物矿物的固有弱点和脆性，为了防止裂纹萌生和扩展，并允许高缺陷容限。源自生物矿化组织的生物启发原理对于设计和构建高性能仿生材料是必不可少的。近年来,大量的高性能仿生材料已经制备了基于这些生物启发原理和大量的文献涵盖了这一主题。因此,对这个热门话题进行及时和全面的审查非常重要，并有助于这个快速发展的研究领域的未来发展。这篇综述文章旨在全面，权威,科学界普遍感兴趣的批评，总结揭示形成过程的最新进展，composition,和生物矿化组织的结构，为高性能仿生材料的设计和建造提供来自生物矿化组织的指南的深入见解，讨论最近的进展，当前的研究趋势，关键问题,未来的主要研究方向和挑战，以及这个令人兴奋和快速发展的研究领域的未来前景。
Living organisms in nature have undergone continuous evolution over billions of years, resulting in the formation of high-performance fracture-resistant biomineralized tissues such as bones and teeth to fulfill mechanical and biological functions, despite the fact that most inorganic biominerals that constitute biomineralized tissues are weak and brittle. During the long-period evolution process, nature has evolved a number of highly effective and smart strategies to design chemical compositions and structures of biomineralized tissues to enable superior properties and to adapt to surrounding environments. Most biomineralized tissues have hierarchically ordered structures consisting of very small building blocks on the nanometer scale (nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoflakes) to reduce the inherent weaknesses and brittleness of corresponding inorganic biominerals, to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and to allow high defect tolerance. The bioinspired principles derived from biomineralized tissues are indispensable for designing and constructing high-performance biomimetic materials. In recent years, a large number of high-performance biomimetic materials have been prepared based on these bioinspired principles with a large volume of literature covering this topic. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review on this hot topic is highly important and contributes to the future development of this rapidly evolving research field. This review article aims to be comprehensive, authoritative, and critical with wide general interest to the science community, summarizing recent advances in revealing the formation processes, composition, and structures of biomineralized tissues, providing in-depth insights into
guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for the design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials, and discussing recent progress, current research trends, key problems, future main research directions and challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field.
