Abstract：
The impacts of microplastics on the gut microbiota, a crucial component of the health of aquatic animals, remain inadequately understood. This phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis aims to identify general patterns of microplastic effects on the alpha diversity (richness and Shannon index), beta diversity, and community structure of gut microbiota in aquatic animals. Data from 63 peer-reviewed articles on the Web of Science were synthesized, encompassing 424 observations across 31 aquatic species. The analysis showed that microplastics significantly altered the community structure of gut microbiota, with between-group distances being 87.75% higher than within-group distances. This effect was significant even at environmentally relevant concentrations (≤1 mg L-1). However, their effects on richness, Shannon index, and beta diversity (community variation) were found to be insignificant. The study also indicated that the effects of microplastics were primarily dependent on their concentration and size, while the phylogeny of tested species explained limited heterogeneity. Furthermore, variations in gut microbiota alpha diversity, beta diversity, and community structure were correlated with changes in antioxidant enzyme activities from the liver and hepatopancreas. This implies that gut microbiota attributes of aquatic animals may provide insights into host antioxidant levels. In summary, this study illuminates the impacts of microplastics on the gut microbiota of aquatic animals and examines the implications of these effects for host health. It emphasizes that microplastics mainly alter the community structure of gut microbiota rather than significantly affecting richness and diversity.
摘要：
微塑料对肠道微生物群的影响，水生动物健康的重要组成部分，仍然没有得到充分的理解。这种系统发育控制的荟萃分析旨在确定微塑料对α多样性的影响的一般模式（丰富度和香农指数），β多样性,水生动物肠道菌群的群落结构。综合了来自WebofScience上63篇同行评审文章的数据，涵盖31种水生物种的424个观测结果。分析表明，微塑料显著改变了肠道菌群的群落结构，组间距离比组内距离高87.75%。即使在与环境相关的浓度（≤1mgL-1）下，这种影响也很明显。然而,它们对财富的影响，香农指数,发现β多样性(群落变异)不显著。研究还表明，微塑料的影响主要取决于它们的浓度和大小，而系统发育解释了有限的异质性。此外，肠道微生物群α多样性的变化，β多样性,群落结构与肝脏和肝胰腺抗氧化酶活性的变化有关。这意味着水生动物的肠道微生物群属性可以提供对宿主抗氧化剂水平的见解。总之,这项研究阐明了微塑料对水生动物肠道微生物群的影响，并研究了这些影响对宿主健康的影响。它强调微塑料主要改变肠道微生物群的群落结构，而不是显着影响丰富度和多样性。
