OBJECTIVE: Eating patterns significantly impact the weight loss process. This study aimed to investigate the influence of primary eating patterns on weight loss measures in overweight and obese adults using network meta-analysis.
METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar until May 2, 2023. Our network meta-analysis followed the PRISMA extension guidelines for Comparing Mediterranean, low carbohydrate and low fat diet effects on weight loss among overweight/obese adults. We conducted a Frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis. Summary effects were presented as mean differences (MD) along with corresponding standard deviations (SD). P-scores were used for treatment ranking within the network.
RESULTS: Initial literature searches yielded 1574 citations. Ultimately, 1004 participants from 7 RCTs (or 9 trials) met inclusion criteria. All diets resulted in weight loss. Comparatively, the low-carbohydrate diet exhibited a significant decrease in weight loss compared to the Mediterranean diet (MD = -2.70 kg, 95% CI: -4.65, -0.75). Indirect evidence revealed that both the low-carbohydrate diet (MD = -6.31 kg, 95% CI: -11.23, -1.39) and the low-fat diet (MD = -5.61 kg, 95% CI: -10.61, -0.61) significantly reduced weight among overweight/obese adults compared to the standard hypolipemic diet. Rankings indicated the low-carbohydrate diet as the most effective dietary intervention for enhancing weight loss (P-score = 0.8994) and reducing body fat (P-score = 0.7060).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, a low-carb diet appears to be among the most effective approaches for weight loss and body fat reduction. However, it\'s essential to consider that its efficacy may vary based on factors such as age, gender, genetics, and lifestyle habits.

BACKGROUND: College students are vulnerable to high perceived stress (PS) and emotional eating (EE) levels, which are associated with their food consumption. In this study, we aimed to examine the links between perceived stress, emotional eating, and adherence to a healthy eating index. Furthermore, we aimed to test whether sociodemographic data and health measures, including body mass index and physical activity, are associated with perceived stress, emotional eating, or healthy eating index.
METHODS: This study included students from King Abdulaziz University. The participants completed validated perceived stress, emotional eating, and short healthy eating index surveys via an online questionnaire from September to December 2022. Univariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association between perceived stress, emotional eating, and adherence to healthy eating index using the short healthy eating index.
RESULTS: Of 434 students (49.8% male, mean age 21.7 ± 3.0 years), 11.3% had low, 72.0% moderate, and 16.7% high perceived stress. Students with moderate perceived stress had the highest short healthy eating index score (P = 0.001), outperforming those with low and high perceived stress for fruit juice (P = 0.002), fruits (P[Formula: see text]0.001), vegetables (P=0.03), greens and beans (P<0.001), whole grains (P=0.009), and seafood/plant proteins (P = 0.001) consumption. Also, emotional eating was significantly associated with short healthy eating index score (P = 0.04), fruit juice (P = 0.01) fruit consumption (P<0.001), added sugar (P=0.02) and saturated fatty acids (P = 0.03). Academic major was associated with perceived stress (P = 0.006) and emotional eating (p=0.04). Higher physical activity levels were associated with low perceived stress levels (P<0.001) and high short healthy eating index score (P=0.001), while high body mass index was associated with high emotional eating score (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed that students are highly vulnerable to moderate and high perceived stress levels. Furthermore, high perceived stress is inversely associated with adherence to a healthy eating index, especially for fruits, vegetables, greens and beans, whole grains, and seafood and plant proteins consumption. Emotional eating, also, associated with students dietary pattern. Physical activity will be beneficial for reducing the level of perceived stress and improving overall dietary patterns.

The systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between index-based dietary patterns and the risk and severity of periodontitis. Four public databases were searched for relevant published articles. Two independent researchers conducted the study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. Methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute Checklists. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023395049). Twenty-five studies were eligible for this review, including 23 cross-sectional studies and two prospective cohort studies. The most utilized dietary indices were the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The results indicated a positive association between higher diet quality (i.e., higher HEI and MDSs and lower DII scores) and healthier periodontal status. Subgroup meta-analysis for four studies utilizing HEI and CDC/AAP case definition indicates the protective effect of higher HEI scores on the risk of periodontitis (OR [95% CI] = 0.77[0.68, 0.88]) with statistical significance (Z = 3.91 [p < 0.0001]). Dietary assessment was conducted by validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in 52% of the studies and 24-h dietary recalls in 36% of the studies. One study utilized a validated 15-item questionnaire to measure patients\' adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (QueMD). The quality assessment showed that all studies were of high quality. High HEI and MDSs and low DII scores were associated with a low risk of periodontitis and better periodontal conditions. The standardized and repeatable diet guidelines might be provided for preventing periodontitis. Future prospective studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm this causal association.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Little is known on the prospective associations between an empirically derived dietary pattern (DP) and life satisfaction among adolescents. This PUTRA-Adol follow-up study aimed to assess the prospective associations between the empirically derived DP and life satisfaction during adolescence.
METHODS: A total of 585 and 262 adolescents participated in the baseline PUTRA-Adol study in 2016 and PUTRA-Adol follow-up study in 2019-2020, respectively. These adolescents were recruited from three southern states in peninsular Malaysia, namely Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor. Dietary assessments were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) while a Multidimensional Students\' Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) was used to measure life satisfaction at baseline in 2016 as well as at follow-up in 2019-2020. A DP characterised by foods high in free sugar and energy dense was identified using reduced rank regression (RRR), cross-sectionally at baseline and was reported elsewhere. Similar RRR analysis was used to find a DP that best explained the variation in response variables linked to poorer life satisfaction, including dietary energy density (DED), fiber density, and percentage of energy from total fat and sugar at the PUTRA-Adol follow-up study. Prospective relationship between adherence to the identified DPs and overall life satisfaction scores as well as its domains between 2016 and 2019-2020 were evaluated using generalized estimating equation models (GEE).
RESULTS: A DP characterized by high intakes of percentage energy from sugar, fibre and low in DED and percentage energy from total fat was identified at the 2019-2020 follow-up. The identified DP explained 11% of total variations in the response variables and was characterized by high intakes of sweets, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) and fruits. Female adolescents [67.6(8.9)] had a mean (SD) of life satisfaction that was higher than male adolescents [67.5(10.8)] p < 0.05 in 2019-2020. Prospective analysis found a significant positive association between the identified DP and school domain, in male adolescents (β = 0.117; 95% CI 0.001, 0.234) and an inverse relationship between the DP z-score and self-domain in all adolescents (β = - 0.060; 95% CI - 0.115, - 0.005) from 2016 to 2019-2020.
CONCLUSIONS: An increasing score for the predominant \'High sugar and High fibre\' DP was prospectively associated with increasing life satisfaction score for the school domain in male adolescents and decreasing score for self-domain in both male and females during adolescence. A lifestyle intervention targeting reduced dietary intakes, particularly sugar, may improve life satisfaction in adolescents and promote healthier future without compromising dietary intakes for chronic disease prevention later in life.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder affecting millions of women worldwide, causing chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and infertility, and severely impacting their quality of life. Treatment primarily involves hormonal therapies and surgical excision, but high recurrence rates and the economic burden are substantial. With these challenges, significant discussion surrounds the potential role of dietary patterns in managing endometriosis, making it necessary to bridge this critical gap. This review investigates the current scientific evidence on the dietary patterns (eg, Mediterranean, vegetarian, anti-inflammatory, low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols [low-FODMAP], and Western-style diets) associated with endometriosis and provides a concise, yet thorough, overview on the subject. In addition, antioxidants, microbiota, and artificial intelligence (AI) and their potential roles were also evaluated as future directions. An electronic-based search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and Web of Science. The current data on the topic indicate that a diet based on the Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory diet pattern, rich in dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, plant-based protein, and vitamins and minerals, has a positive influence on endometriosis, yielding a promising improvement in patient symptoms. Preclinical investigations and clinical trials indicate that dietary antioxidants and gut microbiota modulation present potential new approaches in managing endometriosis. Also, AI may offer a promising avenue to explore how dietary components interact with endometriosis. Ultimately, considering genetic and lifestyle factors, a healthy, balanced, personalized approach to diet may offer valuable insights on the role of diet as a means of symptom improvement, facilitating the utilization of nutrition for the management of endometriosis.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: Dietary patterns characterised by high intakes of vegetables may lower the risk of pre-eclampsia and premature birth in the general population. The effect of dietary patterns in women with type 1 diabetes, who have an increased risk of complications in pregnancy, is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and physical activity during pregnancy and maternal complications and birth outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes. We also compared dietary patterns in women with and without type 1 diabetes.
METHODS: Diet was assessed in the third trimester using a validated food frequency questionnaire in participants followed prospectively in the multi-centre Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study. Dietary patterns were characterised by principal component analysis. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was completed in each trimester. Data for maternal and birth outcomes were collected prospectively.
RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 973 participants during 1124 pregnancies. Women with type 1 diabetes (n=615 pregnancies with dietary data) were more likely to have a \'fresh food\' dietary pattern than women without type 1 diabetes (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07, 1.31; p=0.001). In women with type 1 diabetes, an increase equivalent to a change from quartile 1 to 3 in \'fresh food\' dietary pattern score was associated with a lower risk of pre-eclampsia (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17, 0.78; p=0.01) and premature birth (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20, 0.62, p<0.001). These associations were mediated in part by BMI and HbA1c. The \'processed food\' dietary pattern was associated with an increased birthweight (β coefficient 56.8 g, 95% CI 2.8, 110.8; p=0.04). Physical activity did not relate to outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: A dietary pattern higher in fresh foods during pregnancy was associated with sizeable reductions in risk of pre-eclampsia and premature birth in women with type 1 diabetes.

Poor diet is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease. The aims of this study were to describe temporal patterns and seasonal changes in diet across the year in Australian adults. A total of 375 adults from a prospective cohort study conducted between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2021 in Adelaide, Australia, were asked to complete the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies at eight timepoints over a year. Average intakes over the previous month of total energy, macronutrients, healthy food groups, and discretionary foods and beverages were derived. Temporal patterns in diet were analysed descriptively. Multilevel linear regression modelling was used to assess seasonal differences in diet. Of the 375 participants recruited, 358 provided sufficient data for analysis. Intake of total energy, all macronutrients, and most discretionary foods and beverages peaked in December. Total energy intake was higher in summer than in autumn, winter, and spring. Fruit intake was higher in summer than in winter. Consumption of alcoholic beverages was higher in summer than in autumn, winter, and spring. Consumption of non-alcoholic beverages was higher in summer than in autumn and winter. This study identified temporal differences in dietary intake among Australian adults. Seasonal effects appear to be driven largely by increases in consumption of foods and beverages over the December (summer) holiday period. These findings can inform the design and timing of dietary interventions.

Promoting optimal nutrition in pregnant and lactating women is crucial for maternal and infant health. This study evaluated their nutritional status and dietary habits, assessing macro and micronutrient intake based on recommendations. A descriptive study with Spanish participants examined social, obstetric, dietary, and anthropometric data using quantitative and qualitative methods. The analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography revealed significant variability, with notable deviations in specific fatty acids like C:10:0 and C:12:0. Despite some differences, the overall composition aligns with standards. During pregnancy, 53.8% consumed five meals/day. Grilling (92.3%) and baking (76.9%) were common. Food consumption frequency differed from recommendations. Lactating mothers\' mean energy intake was 2575.88 kcal/day ± 730.59 standard deviation (SD), with 45% from carbohydrates and 40% from lipids, including 37.16 g ± 10.43 of saturated fatty acids. Diets during pregnancy lacked fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and cereals. Lactating mothers partially met nutritional objectives, with an energy distribution skewed towards lipids and deficiencies in calcium, iodine, vitamin D, E, and folic acid. Promoting proper nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is essential to safeguard health and prevent chronic diseases.