长骨血栓症,在中国广泛分布,可以传播各种蜱传疾病,如严重发热伴血小板减少综合征,babesiosis,立克次体病等等,对人类健康和畜牧业发展造成极大危害。化学杀螨剂是最传统的蜱控制方法,但是由于它的许多缺点,迫切需要找到一种高效的替代品,环保低毒。已发现某些植物精油(EO)具有良好的杀虫活性和环境安全性。在这项研究中,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析了总状匹马和大黄EO的成分,并研究了它们在控制长尾隐球菌中的应用潜力。气相色谱-质谱分析结果表明,外消旋P.EO的主要成分为丁香酚(64.07%),石竹的EO是十六烷酸,2-甲基丙酯(51.84%)和丁香酚(39.76%)。幼虫分组试验表明,消旋假单胞菌和石竹的EOs对长形虫的未饲喂幼虫具有显著的杀螨活性,LC50值为1.20mg/mL和0.47mg/mL,LC90值为8.76mg/mL和2.91mg/mL,分别。消旋P.EO,石竹EO和丁香酚对未喂食的若虫H.longicornis显示出显着的杀螨活性,LC50值为1.65mg/mL,2.29mg/mL和0.93mg/mL,LC90值为5.03mg/mL,11.01mg/mL和4.77mg/mL,分别。消旋P.EO,石竹EO和丁香酚对未进食的成虫H.longicornis显示出显着的杀螨活性,LC50值为0.51mg/mL,2.57mg/mL和1.83mg/mL,LC90值为2.44mg/mL,11.44mg/mL和2.54mg/mL,分别。酶分析显示,石竹EO和丁香酚显著抑制羧酸酯酶(CarE)的活性,丁香酚显著抑制过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,两种EO和丁香酚对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)无显著影响(p<0.05)。上述结果表明,来自消旋假单胞菌和石竹的精油具有作为合成杀螨剂的替代品用于控制蜱的巨大潜力。
Haemaphysalis longicornis, which is widely distributed in China, can transmit various tick-borne diseases such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, babesiosis, rickettsia disease and so on, and do great harm to human health and the development of animal husbandry. Chemical acaricides are the most traditional tick control method, but because of its many shortcomings, there is an urgent need to find a substitute with high efficiency, environmental protection and low toxicity. It has been found that some plant essential oils (EOs) have good insecticidal activity and environmental safety. In this study, the components of EOs from Pimenta racemosa and Eugenia caryophyllata were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their potential for application in the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis were studied. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the main components of P. racemosa EO were eugenol (64.07%), those of E. caryophyllata EO were Hexadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester (51.84%) and eugenol (39.76%). Larval packet test showed that the EOs of P. racemosa and E. caryophyllata had significant acaricidal activity against unfed larvae of H. longicornis, with LC50 values of 1.20 mg/mL and 0.47 mg/mL and LC90 values of 8.76 mg/mL and 2.91 mg/mL, respectively. The P. racemosa EO, E. caryophyllata EO and eugenol showed significant acaricidal activity against unfed nymph H. longicornis, with LC50 values of 1.65 mg/mL, 2.29 mg/mL and 0.93 mg/mL and LC90 values of 5.03 mg/mL, 11.01 mg/mL and 4.77 mg/mL, respectively. The P. racemosa EO, E. caryophyllata EO and eugenol showed significant acaricidal activity against unfed adults H. longicornis, with LC50 values of 0.51 mg/mL, 2.57 mg/mL and 1.83 mg/mL and LC90 values of 2.44 mg/mL, 11.44 mg/mL and 2.54 mg/mL, respectively. Enzyme assays revealed that the E. caryophyllata EO and eugenol significantly inhibited the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE), eugenol significantly inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT), and two EOs and eugenol had no significant effect on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) (p < 0.05). The above results suggest that the essential oils from P. racemosa and E. caryophyllata have great potential for use as alternatives to synthetic acaricides for tick control.