Abstract：
Ticks are notorious blood-sucking ectoparasites that affect both humans and animals. They serve as a unique vector of various deadly diseases. Here, we have shown the roles of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) during repeated infestations by the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis using RAGE-/- mice. In primary infestation, a large blood pool developed, which was flooded with numerous RBCs, especially during the rapid feeding phase of the tick both in wild-type (wt) and RAGE-/- mice. Very few inflammatory cells were detected around the zones of haemorrhage in the primary infestations. However, the number of inflammatory cells gradually increased in the subsequent tick infestations, and during the third infestations, the number of inflammatory cells reached to the highest level (350.3 ± 16.8 cells/focus). The site of attachment was totally occupied by the inflammatory cells in wt mice, whereas very few cells were detected at the ticks\' biting sites in RAGE-/- mice. RAGE was highly expressed during the third infestation in wt mice. In the third infestation, infiltration of CD44+ lymphocytes, eosinophils and expression of S100A8 and S100B significantly increased at the biting sites of ticks in wt, but not in RAGE-/- mice. In addition, peripheral eosinophil counts significantly increased in wt but not in RAGE-/- mice. Taken together, our study revealed that RAGE-mediated inflammation and eosinophils played crucial roles in the tick-induced inflammatory reactions.
摘要：
蜱是臭名昭著的吸血外寄生虫，影响人类和动物。它们是各种致命疾病的独特媒介。这里,我们已经使用RAGE-/-小鼠证明了晚期糖基化终产物受体（RAGE）在壁虱重复侵染过程中的作用。在原发性侵扰中，形成了巨大的血池，充斥着大量的红细胞，特别是在野生型（wt）和RAGE-/-小鼠的蜱快速进食阶段。在原发性感染的出血区周围检测到很少的炎症细胞。然而,炎症细胞的数量在随后的蜱感染中逐渐增加，在第三次侵扰期间，炎性细胞数量达到最高水平(350.3±16.8个细胞/病灶)。wt小鼠的附着部位完全被炎症细胞占据，而在RAGE-/-小鼠的蜱叮咬部位检测到很少的细胞。在wt小鼠的第三次感染期间，RAGE高度表达。在第三次侵扰中，CD44+淋巴细胞浸润，嗜酸性粒细胞和S100A8和S100B的表达在wt，但不是在RAGE-/-小鼠中。此外,外周嗜酸性粒细胞计数显著增加，但在RAGE-/-小鼠中没有。一起来看,我们的研究表明,RAGE介导的炎症和嗜酸性粒细胞在蜱诱导的炎症反应中起着至关重要的作用.
