目的:这项研究旨在(1)描述健康的德国儿童和3至13岁青少年的睡眠障碍和情绪/行为困难,(2)检查父母报告的睡眠问题和情绪/行为困难之间的关联,(3)指出特定类型的睡眠障碍与不同行为困难之间的可能关系。
方法:在2011年至2015年期间,在德国的LIFE儿童研究中收集了数据。样本包括1101名3至13岁的儿童和青少年。通过儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)评估的睡眠障碍信息,情绪/行为困难-通过优势和困难问卷(SDQ)评估,社会经济地位由参与者的父母提供。应用多元回归分析一般和特定睡眠障碍(自变量)与情绪/行为困难(因变量)之间的关联。
结果:CSHQ总分与SDQ总分和所有SDQ分量表(情绪问题,行为问题,多动/注意力不集中,同伴关系问题)。大多数CSHQ分量表与SDQ分量表得分相关,除了一些与多动/注意力不集中和行为问题无关的关系。CSHQ总分,白天嗜睡,睡眠持续时间和失眠症与SDQ总分的相关性最强.
结论:这项研究证实了儿童和青少年的睡眠习惯与心理健康之间的关联。我们能够在大量健康参与者中证明睡眠问题与情绪/行为困难之间的关联。特别是,我们观察到失眠症和过度活跃/注意力不集中的行为之间存在显著的关系,以及情绪问题和睡眠问题之间的显著关联,尤其是白天的嗜睡,睡眠焦虑和失眠症。
This study aimed to (1) characterise sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioural difficulties among healthy German children and adolescents aged 3 to 13 years, (2) examine the association between parent-reported sleep problems and emotional/behavioural difficulties, (3) point out possible relations between specific kinds of sleep disturbances and different behavioural difficulties.
Data were collected between 2011 and 2015 within the LIFE Child study in Germany. The sample included 1101 3- to 13-year-old children and adolescents. Information on sleep disturbances-assessed via the Children\'s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), emotional/behavioural difficulties-assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and socioeconomic status was provided by participants\' parents. Multiple regressions were applied to analyse the associations between general and specific sleep disturbances (independent variables) and emotional/behavioural difficulties (dependent variables).
The total CSHQ score was positively associated with the total SDQ score and all SDQ subscales (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems). Most of the CSHQ subscales were related to SDQ subscale scores, except for a few non-significant relations with hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems. The CSHQ total score, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration and
parasomnias showed the strongest associations with the SDQ total score.
This study confirms an association between children\'s and adolescents\' sleep habits and psychological health. We were able to demonstrate the association between sleep problems and emotional/behavioural difficulties in a large sample of healthy participants. In particular, we observed a significant relation between
parasomnias and hyperactive/inattentive behaviour as well as a significant association between emotional problems and sleep problems, especially daytime sleepiness, sleep anxiety and
parasomnias.