背景:骨肉瘤是最常见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤,主要影响儿童,年轻人,和老人。这是一种预后不良的侵袭性癌症,即使使用标准治疗,存活率也很低。最近,能够通过各种功能影响基因表达的环状RNA分子,它们的主要作用是充当microRNA海绵并减少其细胞内表达,已被确认。最近的研究已经将环状RNA与骨肉瘤的发展和进展联系起来。因此,本研究旨在探讨骨肉瘤发生和发展过程中环状RNA表达的变化。
方法:从9月10日至11月12日进行了综合文献综述,2021年,使用以下数据库:PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,WebofScience,OVID,和EMBASE。129篇完整文章被纳入审查。获得的数据使用标准化的数据收集工具进行组织,其中包括以下信息:环状RNA的表达谱改变,相关的癌症标志,环状RNA的临床-病理关系,以及对所研究的环状RNA的看法。
结果:共鉴定出94个不同的环状RNA,主要显示增加的表达模式。大约91%的旨在鉴定环状RNA作用机制的研究强调了环状RNA作为microRNA海绵的功能。与确定的环状RNA最相关的癌症标志是增殖信号诱导,侵袭和转移,和抵抗细胞死亡。这些环状RNA表达的改变通常与患者预后较差相关。如临床特征,如生存期较短,高级Enneking和/或TNM阶段,转移发生率较高,肿瘤较大,并增加化学抗性。
结论:这些发现表明环状RNA分子在骨肉瘤癌变中的意义。提示它们作为新的预后和/或诊断生物标志物的潜力,以及对抗骨肉瘤的替代治疗靶点。
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, mainly affecting children, young adults, and the elderly. It is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis, exhibiting low survival rates even with standard treatment. Recently, circular RNA molecules capable of influencing gene expression through various functions, with their main role being acting as microRNA sponges and reducing their intracellular expression, have been identified. Recent studies have linked circular RNAs to osteosarcoma development and progression. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the alteration in circular RNA expression during osteosarcoma development and progression.
An integrative literature review was conducted from September 10th to November 12th, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, OVID, and EMBASE. 129 full articles were included in the review. The obtained data were organized using a standardized data collection instrument, which included the following information: altered expression profile of circular RNAs, associated cancer hallmarks, clinical-pathological relationships of circular RNAs, and perspectives on the studied circular RNAs.
A total of 94 distinct circular RNAs were identified, predominantly showing an increased expression pattern. Approximately 91% of the studies that aimed to identify the mechanisms of action of circular RNAs highlighted the function of circular RNAs as microRNA sponges. The most associated cancer hallmarks with the identified circular RNAs were proliferative signaling induction, invasion and metastasis, and resistance to cell death. The altered expression of these circular RNAs generally correlated with a worse prognosis for patients, as evidenced by clinical features such as shorter survival, advanced Enneking and/or TNM stage, higher incidence of metastasis, larger tumor size, and increased chemoresistance.
These findings indicate the significance of circular RNA molecules in osteosarcoma carcinogenesis, suggesting their potential as new prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers, as well as alternative therapeutic targets in the fight against osteosarcoma.