背景:撒哈拉以南非洲人口经历了与代谢和心血管疾病风险增加相关的向饮食的营养转变。为了有针对性地预防,我们旨在表征膳食模式并确定其坚持的社会人口统计学因素。
方法:我们从卫生和人口监测系统内的两个正式和三个非正式住区招募了1,018名年龄>=25岁的成年人,瓦加杜古,布基纳法索,2021年2月至4月。在横截面样本中,我们使用了包含134种食物的文化特定食物倾向问卷和社会人口统计学问卷来收集数据.使用主成分分析得出探索性膳食模式,使用多元线性回归模型计算依从性的社会人口统计学因素。
结果:在本研究人群中(平均年龄:42岁,四分位数间距21岁;男性:35.7%),这种饮食依赖于淀粉类食物和其他植物性主食,很少食用动物性产品。我们确定了三种饮食模式,解释10.2%,9.8%,和8.9%的食物摄入量变化,分别是:与年轻年龄相关的基于肉和蛋的模式,男性,更好的教育,和经济状况;妇女普遍存在以鱼为基础的模式,更高的教育水平,和更好的经济状况;以淀粉为基础的食物与年龄更小和与其他成年人共享一个家有关。
结论:本研究人群处于营养转变的早期阶段,对健康有益的食物组摄入量较低。然而,营养过渡的进展因年龄而异,教育程度,和经济地位。特别是,年轻和富裕的人似乎更强烈地坚持以动物性产品为主的饮食。这些发现可以为撒哈拉以南非洲人口的公共卫生营养策略提供信息。
BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan African populations undergo a nutrition transition towards diets associated with increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. For targeted prevention, we aimed to characterize dietary patterns and determine their sociodemographic factors of adherence.
METHODS: We recruited 1,018 adults aged > = 25 years from two formal and three informal settlements within the Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, between February and April 2021. In a cross-sectional sample, a culture-specific food-propensity questionnaire with 134 food items and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. Exploratory dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis, and sociodemographic factors of adherence were calculated using multivariable linear regression models.
RESULTS: In this study population (median age: 42 years, interquartile range 21 years; male: 35.7%), the diet relied on starchy foods and other plant-based staples with rare consumption of animal-based products. We identified three dietary patterns, explaining 10.2%, 9.8%, and 8.9% of variation in food intake, respectively: a meat and egg-based pattern associated with younger age, male sex, better education, and economic situation; a fish-based pattern prevailed among women, higher educational levels, and better economic situation; and a starchy food-based was associated with younger age and sharing a home with other adults.
CONCLUSIONS: This study population is at an early stage of the nutrition transition and shows low intakes of health-beneficial food groups. Yet, progress along the nutrition transition varies according to age, educational attainment, and economic status. Particularly, younger and well-off people seem to adhere more strongly to diets high in animal-based products. These findings can inform strategies in public health nutrition for sub-Saharan African populations.