在印度,有必要监测与营养不良和非传染性疾病有关的人群水平的饮食质量变化趋势。
我们进行了一项研究,以验证印度南部的一种新的饮食质量评分。
我们纳入了来自印度两项研究的3041名育龄期(15-49岁)未怀孕妇女的数据。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷(FFQ)评估饮食。全球饮食质量评分(GDQS)是从25个食物组(16个健康;9个不健康)计算的,根据每个组中消耗的商品的频率和数量,为每个组提供积分。我们使用Spearman相关性来检查GDQS与关注的几种营养素摄入量之间的相关性。我们检查了GDQS之间的关联[总体而言,健康(GDQS+),和不健康(GDQS-)子指标]和总体营养素充足性,微量和大量营养素,体重指数(BMI),Midupper臂圆周,血红蛋白,血压,高密度脂蛋白(HDL),和总胆固醇(TC)。
平均GDQS为23分(SD,3.6;最大值,46.5).在能量调整模型中,总体GDQS和GDQS+与钙摄入量呈正相关,纤维,叶酸,铁,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA),蛋白质,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总脂肪,和锌(ρ=0.12-0.39;P<0.001)。五等分析表明,GDQS与更好的营养充足性相关。同时,GDQS与较高的TC相关,较低的HDL,BMI更高。我们发现GDQS与高血压之间没有关联。
GDQS是反映总体营养充足性和一些血脂指标的有用工具。需要未来的研究来完善消费大量不健康食品的人群的GDQS,像精制的谷物,以及GDQS中包含的健康食品。
In India, there is a need to monitor population-level trends in changes in diet quality in relation to both undernutrition and noncommunicable diseases.
We conducted a
study to validate a novel diet quality score in southern India.
We included data from 3041 nonpregnant women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 2 studies in India. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was calculated from 25 food groups (16 healthy; 9 unhealthy), with points for each group based on the frequency and quantity of items consumed in each group. We used Spearman correlations to examine correlations between the GDQS and several nutrient intakes of concern. We examined associations between the GDQS [overall, healthy (GDQS+), and unhealthy (GDQS-) submetrics] and overall nutrient adequacy, micro- and macronutrients, body mass index (BMI), midupper arm circumference, hemoglobin, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC).
The mean GDQS was 23 points (SD, 3.6; maximum, 46.5). In energy-adjusted models, positive associations were found between the overall GDQS and GDQS+ and intakes of calcium, fiber, folate, iron, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), total fat, and zinc (ρ = 0.12-0.39; P < 0.001). Quintile analyses showed that the GDQS was associated with better nutrient adequacy. At the same time, the GDQS was associated with higher TC, lower HDL, and higher BMI. We found no associations between the GDQS and hypertension.
The GDQS was a useful tool for reflecting overall nutrient adequacy and some lipid measures. Future studies are needed to refine the GDQS for populations who consume large amounts of unhealthy foods, like refined grains, along with healthy foods included in the GDQS.