This study introduces a novel method for detecting and measuring transparent glass sheets using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The main goal of this study is to create a conversion technique that can accurately display spectral information from collected images, particularly in the visible light spectrum (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) areas. This technique enables the capture of relevant spectral data when used with images provided by industrial cameras. The next step in this investigation is using principal component analysis to examine the obtained hyperspectral images derived from different treated glass samples. This analytical procedure standardizes the magnitude of light wavelengths that are inherent in the HSI images. The simulated spectral profiles are obtained using the generalized inverse matrix technique on the normalized HSI images. These profiles are then matched with spectroscopic data obtained from microscopic imaging, resulting in the observation of distinct dispersion patterns. The novel use of images coloring methods effectively displays the thickness of the glass processing sheet in a visually noticeable way. Based on empirical research, changes in the thickness of the glass coating in the NIR-HSI range cause significant changes in the transmission of infrared light at different wavelengths within the NIR spectrum. This phenomenon serves as the foundation for the study of film thickness. The root mean square error inside the NIR area is impressively low, calculated to be just 0.02. This highlights the high level of accuracy achieved by the technique stated above. Potential areas of investigation that arise from this study are incorporating the proposed approach into the design of a real-time, wide-scale automated optical inspection system.

UNASSIGNED: Fluorescent organic dyes provide imaging capabilities at cellular and sub-cellular levels. However, a common problem associated with some of the existing dyes such as the US FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) is their weak fluorescence emission. Alternative dyes with greater emission characteristics would be useful in various imaging applications. Complementing optical imaging, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enables deep tissue imaging. Nano-sized delivery systems containing dyes with greater fluorescence emission as well as MR contrast agents present a promising dual-mode platform with high optical sensitivity and deep tissue imaging for image-guided surgical applications.
UNASSIGNED: We have engineered a nano-sized platform, derived from erythrocyte ghosts (EGs), with dual near-infrared fluorescence and MR characteristics by co-encapsulation of a brominated carbocyanine dye and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA).
UNASSIGNED: We have investigated the use of three brominated carbocyanine dyes (referred to as BrCy106, BrCy111, and BrCy112) with various degrees of bromination, structural symmetry, and acidic modifications for encapsulation by nano-sized EGs (nEGs) and compared their resulting optical characteristics with nEGs containing ICG.
UNASSIGNED: We find that asymmetric dyes (BrCy106 and BrCy112) with one dibromobenzene ring offer greater fluorescence emission characteristics. For example, the relative fluorescence quantum yield ( ϕ ) for nEGs fabricated using 100    μ M of BrCy112 is ∼ 41 -fold higher than nEGs fabricated using the same concentrations of ICG. The dual-mode nEGs containing BrCy112 and Gd-BOPTA show a nearly twofold increase in their ϕ as compared with their single optical mode counterpart. Cytotoxicity is not observed upon incubation of SKOV3 cells with nEGs containing BrCy112.
UNASSIGNED: Erythrocyte nano-ghosts with dual optical and MR characteristics may ultimately prove useful in various biomedical imaging applications such as image-guided tumor surgery where MR imaging can be used for tumor staging and mapping, and fluorescence imaging can help visualize small tumor nodules for resection.

The utilization of actual biological tissue (e.g., pork meat samples) and tissue-mimicking phantoms for optical-based in-body data and energy transfer studies is crucial. Near-infrared (NIR) light, a part of the light spectrum that falls between visible light and infrared, is highly advantageous as a carrier for data transmission due to its superior ability to penetrate biological tissue, for instance, the human body. Using pork meat samples as a propagation medium for prolonged experiments is challenging due to the deterioration of meat quality caused by drying in the temperature chamber. Typically, a controlled-temperature chamber can be utilized to warm the tissue samples to 37 °C. Some experiments need to be carried out over long periods, in some cases exceeding one hour, including the demonstration of transmitting large-size data (e.g., high-definition images or videos) in real-time through biological tissue using NIR LED. Moreover, for statistical analysis, some experiments need to be repeated, therefore degradation of the tissue sample should be avoided. Furthermore, experiments may also encompass investigations into optical wireless power transfer (OWPT) conducted on biological tissues under NIR illumination and employing energy harvester-based commercial photovoltaic cells (PV) at the receiving ends, which would require a long time to charge the storage (e.g., battery or supercapacitor) fully. Using phantoms for such an experiment is also not straightforward, requiring careful consideration, such as standardization issues. One possible approach to address this challenge is to conduct experiments in a free-space environment (e.g., sample-free) while guaranteeing that the optical power received in free-space is equivalent to that obtained through biological tissue. This can be achieved by carefully controlling the LED\'s current and arranging the optical channel\'s distance to achieve comparable results. The received optical power is the primary parameter for comparing free-space and biological tissue setups. This dataset provides settings for NIR LEDs ( P m a x = 375 mW and λ = 810 nm), allowing in-body communication experiments in a free-space environment. The LED\'s current settings in this dataset (free-space) are equivalent in comparison to those used in a test-bed using biological tissue with 5 (five) different variations of LED currents (i.e., 500 mA, 400 mA, 300 mA, 200 mA, and 100 mA). The dataset consists of six pork meat samples with different thicknesses and fat-muscle layer compositions, resulting in 36 data points. This dataset holds significant potential for reuse in any biomedical research, particularly in the fields of in-body communication and energy transfer utilizing light.

A series of fluorescent molecules with 1,1-dimethylnaphthalene-2(1H)-one as the core were synthesized to overcome aggregation quenching and emit bright green fluorescence. The low molecular weight of these molecules led to them to smoothly pass through the cell membrane and penetrate deep into the nucleus to emit the corresponding fluorescence. Among them, NC-4-Br and NC-5-3O have good optical and in vitro properties and showed potential for use as fluorescent probes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028733.].

To translate near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging into the clinic, the paired imaging device needs to detect trace doses of fluorescent imaging agents. Except for the filtration scheme and excitation light source, the image sensor used will finally determine the detection limitations of NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems. In this review, we investigate the current state-of-the-art image sensors used in NIR and SWIR fluorescence imaging systems and discuss the advantages and limitations of their characteristics, such as readout architecture and noise factors. Finally, the imaging performance of these image sensors is evaluated and compared.

The early detection of gynecological cancers, which is critical for improving patient survival rates, is challenging because of the vague early symptoms and the diagnostic limitations of current approaches. This comprehensive review delves into the game-changing potential of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, a noninvasive technology used to transform the landscape of cancer diagnosis in gynecology. By collecting the distinctive vibrational frequencies of chemical bonds inside tissue samples, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides a \'molecular fingerprint\' that outperforms existing diagnostic approaches. We highlight significant advances in this field, particularly the identification of discrete biomarker bands in the mid- and near-IR spectra. Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids exhibited different absorption patterns. These spectral signatures not only serve to distinguish between malignant and benign diseases, but also provide additional information regarding the cellular changes associated with cancer. To underscore the practical consequences of these findings, we examined studies in which IR spectroscopy demonstrated exceptional diagnostic accuracy. This review supports the use of IR spectroscopy in normal clinical practice, emphasizing its capacity to detect and comprehend the intricate molecular underpinnings of gynecological cancers.

The human cannot detect light with a wavelength exceeding 700 nm, primarily due to limitations in the physiological structure of the human eye. However, in certain specific scenarios, the ability to detect near-infrared (NIR) light proves to be extremely valuable. To attain this desired capability, NIR up conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were prepared and doped in the optical lens materials, aiming to obtain a NIR light \"visible\" optical lens. It is demonstrated that the doping of UCNPs in the optical lens materials does not significantly impact on their mechanical properties, optical properties, surface properties and it exhibits excellent biocompatibility in cell and animal experiments. More importantly, the UCNPs doping can convert NIR light into visible light within the material effectively and stably. The eyes can \"see\" the NIR light after wearing such UCNPs doped optical lens. Such NIR light visible optical lens could have great potential in actual applications.

UNASSIGNED: Predicting flap viability benefits patients by reducing complications and guides flap design by reducing donor areas. Due to varying anatomy, obtaining individual vascular information preoperatively is fundamental for designing safe flaps. Although indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is a conventional tool in intraoperative assessment and postoperative monitoring, it is rare in preoperative prediction.
UNASSIGNED: ICGA was performed on 20 male BALB/c mice under five wavelengths (900/1,000/1,100, /1,250/1,450 nm) to assess vascular resolution after ICG perfusion. A \"mirrored-L\" flap model with three angiosomes was established on another 20 male BALB/c mice, randomly divided into two equal groups. In Group A, a midline between angiosomes II and III was used as a border. In Group B, the points of the minimized choke vessel caliber marked according to the ICG signal at 1,450 nm wavelength (ICG1450) were connected. Necrotic area calculations, pathohistological testing, and statistical analysis were performed.
UNASSIGNED: The vascular structure was clearly observed at 1,450 nm wavelength, while the 900 to 1,100 nm failed to depict vessel morphology. Necrosis was beyond the borderline in 60% of Group A. Conversely, 100% of Group B had necrosis distal to the borderline. The number of choke vessels between angiosomes II and III was positively correlated with the necrotic area (%). The pathohistological findings supported the gross observation and analysis.
UNASSIGNED: ICG1450 can delineate the vessel structure in vivo and predict the viability of pedicled skin flaps using the choke vessel as the border between angiosomes.

The use of combination of Near-Infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopic and k-mean multivariant statical cluster analysis as a screening tools for genuine fresh palmyrah toddy(G.F) and sugar (ATS) or rice toddy(ATS) is discussed. The quick and simple screening methods to ensure the authenticity of G.F is prime important to keep up its commercial value. Here we performed NIR spectroscopic analysis, k-mean multivariant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis to screen the G.F from ATR and ATS. For comparison, we performed chemical analysis and distinguished G.F from ATR and ATS. However, based on the NIR spectroscopic analysis together with the multivariant analysis G.F quickly screened from ATR and ATS. The plot of k-means cluster analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis shows three distinct clusters and it could be a useful tool to quickly screen the genuine toddy from artificial toddy.