瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1(TRPA1)通道在呼吸道和胃肠道中起关键作用。在呼吸系统中,TRPA1在关键细胞类型中表现出不同的分布模式,包括上皮细胞,感觉神经,和免疫细胞。它的激活作为吸入刺激物的前线传感器,触发立即的保护性反应,影响气道完整性。此外,TRPA1与气道组织损伤有关,炎症,和成纤维细胞的转变,从而在条件下提出挑战,如严重的哮喘和纤维化。在感觉神经中,TRPA1有助于伤害感受,咳嗽反射,和支气管收缩,强调其在即时防御机制和长期呼吸反射弧中的作用。在免疫细胞中,TRPA1可以调节促炎介质的释放,塑造整体炎症景观。在胃肠道,TRPA1在肠神经元中的动态表达,上皮细胞,免疫细胞强调了其多方面的参与。它在肠道运动中起着至关重要的作用,内脏疼痛感知,粘膜防御机制。TRPA1在两个领域的失调与各种疾病,如哮喘,慢性阻塞性肺疾病,肠易激综合征,和炎症性肠病。这篇综述强调了TRPA1作为治疗靶标的潜力,并讨论了TRPA1拮抗剂在临床前研究中的功效及其在解决呼吸道和胃肠道疾病方面的前景。了解TRPA1在不同细胞类型之间的复杂相互作用和串扰,可以深入了解其在维持重要生理系统稳态方面的多功能作用。为有针对性的治疗干预提供基础。
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel plays a pivotal role in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Within the respiratory system, TRPA1 exhibits diverse distribution patterns across key cell types, including epithelial cells, sensory nerves, and immune cells. Its activation serves as a frontline sensor for inhaled irritants, triggering immediate protective responses, and influencing airway integrity. Furthermore, TRPA1 has been implicated in airway tissue injury, inflammation, and the transition of fibroblasts, thereby posing challenges in conditions, such as severe asthma and fibrosis. In sensory nerves, TRPA1 contributes to nociception, the cough reflex, and bronchoconstriction, highlighting its role in both immediate defense mechanisms and long-term respiratory reflex arcs. In immune cells, TRPA1 may modulate the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, shaping the overall inflammatory landscape. In the gastrointestinal tract, the dynamic expression of TRPA1 in enteric neurons, epithelial cells, and immune cells underscores its multifaceted involvement. It plays a crucial role in gut motility, visceral pain perception, and mucosal defense mechanisms. Dysregulation of TRPA1 in both tracts is associated with various disorders such as asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. This review emphasizes the potential of TRPA1 as a therapeutic target and discusses the efficacy of TRPA1 antagonists in preclinical studies and their promise for addressing respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions. Understanding the intricate interactions and cross-talk of TRPA1 across different cell types provides insight into its versatile role in maintaining homeostasis in vital physiological systems, offering a foundation for targeted therapeutic interventions.