PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Radioactivity is a process in which the nuclei of unstable atoms spontaneously decay, producing other nuclei and releasing energy in the form of ionizing radiation in the form of alpha (α) and beta (β) particles as well as the emission of gamma (γ) electromagnetic waves. People may be exposed to radiation in various forms, as casualties of nuclear accidents, workers in power plants, or while working and using different radiation sources in medicine and health care. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs in subjects exposed to a very high dose of radiation in a very short period of time. Each form of radiation has a unique pathophysiological effect. Unfortunately, higher organisms-human beings-in the course of evolution have not acquired receptors for the direct \"capture\" of radiation energy, which is transferred at the level of DNA, cells, tissues, and organs. Radiation in biological systems depends on the amount of absorbed energy and its spatial distribution, particularly depending on the linear energy transfer (LET). Photon radiation with low LET leads to homogeneous energy deposition in the entire tissue volume. On the other hand, radiation with a high LET produces a fast Bragg peak, which generates a low input dose, whereby the penetration depth into the tissue increases with the radiation energy. The consequences are mutations, apoptosis, the development of cancer, and cell death. The most sensitive cells are those that divide intensively-bone marrow cells, digestive tract cells, reproductive cells, and skin cells. The health care system and the public should raise awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation. Therefore, our aim is to identify the consequences of ARS taking into account radiation damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
摘要：
放射性是不稳定原子的原子核自发衰变的过程，产生其他原子核并以α（α）和β（β）粒子形式的电离辐射形式释放能量，以及γ（γ）电磁波的发射。人们可能会受到各种形式的辐射，作为核事故的伤亡人员，发电厂的工人，或者在医学和医疗保健中工作和使用不同的辐射源。急性辐射综合征（ARS）发生在短时间内暴露于非常高剂量辐射的受试者中。每种形式的辐射都具有独特的病理生理作用。不幸的是,高等生物-人类-在进化过程中没有获得直接“捕获”辐射能量的受体，在DNA水平上转移，细胞,组织，和器官。生物系统中的辐射取决于吸收的能量及其空间分布，特别是取决于线性能量转移(LET)。具有低LET的光子辐射导致在整个组织体积中均匀的能量沉积。另一方面,具有高LET的辐射会产生一个快速的布拉格峰，产生低输入剂量，由此进入组织的穿透深度随着辐射能量的增加而增加。后果是突变，凋亡，癌症的发展，细胞死亡。最敏感的细胞是那些强烈分裂的骨髓细胞，消化道细胞，生殖细胞,和皮肤细胞。卫生保健系统和公众应提高对电离辐射后果的认识。因此,我们的目标是确定ARS的后果，同时考虑到辐射对呼吸系统的损害，神经系统,造血系统,胃肠道,和皮肤。
