OBJECTIVE: To investigate dermatology and allergology nurses\' experiences of relocation from an outpatient clinic to a newly established COVID-19 infectious disease ward.
METHODS: A phenomenological-hermeneutical approach was applied.
METHODS: Three focus groups with nurses were conducted from June to August 2020. Data were analysed in accordance with Ricoeur\'s theory of interpretation.
RESULTS: The relocation represented a challenging period that involved uncertainty and evoked feelings of excitement and dedication towards the nursing profession. Nurses felt obligated to help; however, they also experienced that they did not have a say in the relocation. The placement on the infectious disease ward was characterized by adaptations in three areas: unfamiliar working environment, unfamiliar team competencies and inadequate nursing training. E-learning training was experienced as insufficient, as it did not enhance the nurses\' specific competencies or confidence in caring for patients with COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: The relocation of nurses from an outpatient clinic to a new COVID-19 infectious disease ward created a dilemma between nurses\' sense of duty and their right to self-determination. A prompt relocation into a newly established unfamiliar field caused frustrations because there were no unspoken rules to rely on. Managers should take nurses\' experiences and perceptions under careful consideration and strive for more involvement in future scenarios.
UNASSIGNED: No patient or public contribution.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with high risk for lung cancer may benefit from lung cancer screening, but there are associated risks as well as benefits. Shared decision-making (SDM) tools with personalized information may provide key support for patients. Understanding patient perspectives on educational tools to facilitate SDM for lung cancer screening may support tool development.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore patient perspectives related to a SDM tool for lung cancer screening using a qualitative approach.
METHODS: We elicited patient perspectives by showing a provider-facing SDM tool. Focus group interviews that ranged in duration from 1.5 to 2 h were conducted with 23 individuals with high risk for lung cancer. Data were interpreted inductively using thematic analysis to identify patients\' thoughts on and desires for a patient-facing SDM tool.
RESULTS: The findings highlight that patients would like to have educational information related to lung cancer screening. We identified several key themes to be considered in the future development of patient-facing tools: barriers to acceptance, preference against screening and seeking empowerment. One further theme illustrated effects of patient-provider relationship as a limitation to meeting lung cancer screening information needs. Participants also noted several suggestions for the design of technology decision aids.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that patients desire additional information on lung cancer screening in advance of clinical visits. However, there are several issues that must be considered in the design and development of technology to meet the information needs of patients for lung cancer screening decisions.
UNASSIGNED: Patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were not involved in the study design, conduct, analysis or interpretation of the data. However, clinical experts in health communication provided detailed feedback on the study protocol, including the focus group approach. The study findings contribute to a better understanding of patient expectations for lung cancer screening decisions and may inform future development of tools for SDM.

BACKGROUND: Conflicts with patients and relatives occur frequently in intensive care units (ICUs), driven by factors that are intensified by critical illness and its treatments. A majority of ICU healthcare professionals have experienced verbal and/or physical violence. There is a need to understand how healthcare professionals in ICUs experience and manage this workplace violence.
METHODS: A qualitative descriptive analysis of four hospitals in Sweden was conducted using semi-structured focus-group interviews with ICU healthcare professionals.
RESULTS: A total of 34 participants (14 nurses, 6 physicians and 14 other staff) were interviewed across the four hospitals. The overarching theme: \"The paradox of violence in healthcare\" illustrated a normalisation of violence in ICU care and indicated a complex association between healthcare professionals regarding violence as an integral aspect of caregiving, while simultaneously identifying themselves as victims of this violence. The healthcare professionals described being poorly prepared and lacking appropriate tools to manage violent situations. The management of violence was therefore mostly based on self-taught skills.
CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to understanding the normalisation of violence in ICU care and gives a possible explanation for its origins. The paradox involves a multifaceted approach that acknowledges and confronts the structural and cultural dimensions of violence in healthcare. Such an approach will lay the foundations for a more sustainable healthcare system.

BACKGROUND: Poor oral and dental health due to oral dysbiosis during pregnancy increases the risk for negative pregnancy outcomes. Communicating the importance of oral health is therefore essential in reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Professional guidance could substantially support women\'s positive perception of their own competence. Information on oral health should be provided by healthcare professionals such as midwives, obstetricians and dentists. The aim of this study was to assess the needs, wishes and preferences of pregnant women in Germany, regarding interprofessional collaboration and guidance on oral health during pregnancy.
METHODS: Sources of information, preferences regarding information supply as well as the need for interprofessional collaboration of involved healthcare professions were investigated in six online focus groups with pregnant women. In addition, three expert interviews with a midwife, an obstetrician and a dentist were conducted. The focus groups and interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz.
RESULTS: 25 pregnant women participated in focus groups. Pregnant women in all trimesters, aged 23 to 38 years, were included. Many women did not receive any or received insufficient information on oral health during pregnancy and wished for more consistent and written information from all involved healthcare providers. The extent of oral health counselling women received, heavily relied on their personal initiative and many would have appreciated learning about the scientific connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. An overall uncertainty about the timing and safety of a dental visit during pregnancy was identified. Interviews with experts provided additional insights into the working conditions of the involved healthcare professionals in counselling and emphasised the need for improved training on oral health during pregnancy in their respective professional education as well as thematic billing options in relation to this topic.
CONCLUSIONS: Guidance of women on oral health during pregnancy appears to be insufficient. Providing information adapted to the needs, wishes and preferences of women during pregnancy as well as the implementation of this topic in the education of involved healthcare professionals could contribute to an improved prenatal care for pregnant women and subsequently a reduced risk of negative pregnancy outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Even though quantitative studies have described barriers to anti-retroviral therapy (ART), a more exploratory approach will provide in-depth information on these issues, and potential suggestions to address these issues at individual as well as structural level. We designed this qualitative study to examine the barriers and facilitators for antiretroviral therapy adherence in key population (KP) in Mumbai, India. We also wanted to understand the strategies adopted by these groups and get suggestions to improve adherence to ART.
METHODS: This is a qualitative analysis of seven focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted with four KP subgroups in Mumbai. We conducted two FGDs each with female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), male-to-female transgendered people/Hijras (TGH) each, and one FGD with people who inject drugs (IDU). We transcribed the audio-recorded electronic records of these FGDs. We also added the notes of the observers on the group dynamics to the transcribed data. We used the Framework Approach to analyse these data.
RESULTS: Some experiences-such as side effects to ART medicines-were common across groups. However, incarceration as a reason for stopping ART was reported by FSWs but not by other KPs. Friends and family (including Guru) are important support systems for HIV infected individuals and adherence to ART. Stigma and discrimination by community members and general community prevent regular access of ART centres and other health care facilities. Additional factors which led to missed doses were mental health issues, alcohol use, and misplacing the ART tablets during police raids or during robbery attempts at the cruising sites. Since a common source of discrimination among peers and the community was the presence of \'Green book\' (or their treatment book); the key population wanted the AIDS program to change it to digital cards so that labelling one as \'HIV positive\' for being seen with the book can be avoided.
CONCLUSIONS: The qualitative study helped us explore the barriers to ART among key population and the community provided specific suggestions to address them. In addition to Key Population centric enhanced adherence counselling, some administrative guidelines and procedures may need to be altered to improve adherence to ART in these populations.

School is a key site for prevention and early intervention in public mental health, with sexual and gender minority students being a priority group for action. Context is important in understanding how school inclusion of sexual and gender minorities shapes mental health and well-being, with rapidly changing social and political forces necessitating ongoing research. This coproduced UK secondary school-based study aimed to understand (a) key components of mentally, socially and emotionally healthy school environments for LGBTQ+ students considerate of intersecting minoritised identities; (b) staff information, skills and capacity needs and (c) factors influencing uptake and implementation. Online interviews and focus groups were conducted with 63 participants (22 staff, 32 students (aged 13-19 years), and 9 training providers), diverse in relation to gender and sexual identity, ethnicity, religious and social context. Data were analysed thematically. One overarching theme captured the need for an intersectionality-informed, contextually adaptable, whole school approach which \'shifts the narrative\' away from deficit thinking, challenging prevailing cis/heteronormative and White norms. This underpinned four themes: (1) \'Feeling safe, seen and celebrated: embedding intersectional signs, signals and symbols\', (2) \'Everyone\'s business: the need for collaboration\', (3) \'Embedding a culture of change\', and (4) \'Re-locating the problem: challenging deficit thinking\'. Contextually diverse research is needed which critically addresses ways in which social power enacted interpersonally and structurally serves to hinder schools from enacting LGBTQ+ inclusivity. Evidence to inform and develop implementation strategies for institutional changes and to advocate for wider socio-political support is also key to mitigate the potential for widening inequities linked to inequitable school environments.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether fear and prejudice in relation to organ donation and the transplantation of organs may influence the decision to become an organ donor.
METHODS: Data were collected through four group interviews using open-ended questions and qualitative content analysis. Forty participants, 16 males and 24 females from seven countries, participated in the focus group interviews.
RESULTS: The analysis resulted in three main categories, and nine subcategories. Fears and prejudice caused by tradition and customs, approval of organ donation by family members, perception of the body as a gift from parents, the influence of religious leaders, knowledge about the religious understanding of organ donation, influence of social ambience on respondents, knowledge of the donation process in the healthcare system, including knowing about life after eventual organ donation, were some of predictors in the decision to agree to organ donation.
CONCLUSIONS: More education on the factors that influence organ donation, more information in schools, health institutions and through the media, as well as more research with the aim of \"dispelling\" fears and prejudice about organ donation would significantly improve the current situation and result in a larger number of potential organ donors.

UNASSIGNED: Mental health challenges have still been widely pervasive among Chinese university students after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to explore mental health challenges encountered by Chinese university students in the post-pandemic era and explain causes to these challenges using a qualitative approach.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted six focus group interviews with university students in Zhuhai, China, and altogether 61 students including 43 female students, and 18 male students participated in the study.
UNASSIGNED: Our results indicate that sleep difficulties, anxiety, and stress are the three primary mental health challenges experienced by students. Academic pressure, social influence including peer pressure and pursuit of social acceptance, and pandemic related policies and measures are the causes to the above mental health challenges.
UNASSIGNED: The results of this study will inform the development of mental health promotion, intervention, and education activities for university students to bolster their resilience and cope with mental health problems in the post-pandemic era. Meanwhile, our results could illuminate the services stakeholders provide to university students in the future.

UNASSIGNED: Visual impairment can significantly affect a person\'s ability to take medications safely. Therefore, pharmacists need to ensure safe and effective access to medication information, particularly through the use of assistive products, which are devices that compensate for partial or total vision loss. Although assistive products are used by visually impaired patients for activities of daily living, their use in medication management needs to be more widespread.
UNASSIGNED: The study aimed to investigate community pharmacists\' opinions and excpectations on the use of assistive products in pharmacy practice to optimize and secure medications use for visually impaired patients. The goal is to transfer these assistive products to pharmacy practice.
UNASSIGNED: Focus groups were conducted with 6 French-speaking community pharmacists via videoconference in Belgium, following the principle of participatory action-research. The participants were recruited voluntarily, and moderator\'s guides were developed to lead the discussion. The focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed in a double-blind fashion using thematic analysis. The data were organized by NVivo software.
UNASSIGNED: Four themes were identified: easy-to-use assistive products according to pharmacists, usefulness of assistive products in pharmacy practice, barriers to the use of assistive products, and potential solutions. According to community pharmacists, certain assistive products were deemed easy-to-use and transferable to pharmacy practice.
UNASSIGNED: This qualitative study demonstrates the transferability of assistive products to pharmacy practice for visually impaired patients in medications use. The study taken into account the patient\'s profile and the multidisciplinary approach, which community pharmacists consider essential.

UNASSIGNED: Western Australia has one of the highest rates of Aboriginal children entering out-of-home care in Australia. Kinship care is the preferred culturally safe out-of-home care option for Aboriginal children, yet all jurisdictions, including Western Australia, are far from meeting best-practice national standards. Intersectoral collaboration is a key primary healthcare principle and internationally recognized for improving health systems and outcomes. This paper presents findings from a qualitative research project investigating Aboriginal primary healthcare workers\' experiences of intersectoral collaboration challenges and strengthening opportunities.
UNASSIGNED: Constructivist grounded theory guided this research involving 55 semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions with Aboriginal primary healthcare workers. The research was guided by Indigenous methodologies and led by Indigenous researchers Participants were recruited from seven Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations located across Perth metro, Pilbara, Midwest/Gascoyne and Southwest regions in Western Australia.
UNASSIGNED: Key themes identified around intersectoral collaboration challenges were communication, including information sharing and interagency meetings, and the relationship with the government sector, including trust and the importance of the perception of Aboriginal health service independence. Key themes around strengthening areas to improve intersectoral collaboration included strengthening service resourcing and coverage, including the availability of services, and addressing high program turnover. The need for a shift in approach, including more emphasis on Aboriginal-led care and aligning approaches between sectors, was another area for strengthening.
UNASSIGNED: This study addresses a significant research gap concerning out-of-home care, kinship care, and intersectoral collaboration in an Australian Aboriginal context. Findings highlighted the need to review the out-of-home and kinship models of care to strengthen the system, including creating more formal and structured modes of collaborating and better resourcing family support and kinship care.