背景:在拉丁美洲,针对青少年健康的干预措施存在投资不足和缺乏可持续性的问题。护士,作为卫生服务和系统的组成部分,可以领导公共卫生政策的实施和发展,以改善青少年健康。
目的:确定和分析护士在制定和实施公共政策以及向哥伦比亚青少年提供医疗保健方面的作用,厄瓜多尔,秘鲁。
方法:研究分三个阶段进行:文献分析,网上调查,和半结构化焦点小组。共分析了48份文件,288名护士参与调查,29名护士参加了焦点小组.
结果:国家政策旨在保障权利,特别保护儿童和青少年。这是一个渐进的过程,民间社会和政府的更多参与。与会者报告说,法律和实践之间缺乏协同作用,以及农村地区和不同种族和文化的人群在监管合规方面的差异。他们的看法是,对青少年的保护没有具体体现在国家的法律基础和监管结构中,这意味着监管框架中既有保护因素,也有紧张关系。虽然护士高度致力于针对青少年的不同行动,他们对政策制定和执行的参与度很低,与缺乏专门培训和工作条件有关的障碍。
结论:鉴于护士参与针对青少年的不同行动,他们可以在制定青少年政策并确保其有效执行方面发挥根本作用。政策制定者应该考虑修改预算,使合规可行,纳入和使用监测指标,并增加教育机构和社区的参与。
BACKGROUND: In Latin America, interventions aimed at adolescents\' health suffer from a shortfall of investment and lack of sustainability. Nurses, as an integral part of health services and systems, can lead the implementation and development of public health policies to improve adolescent health.
OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the role of nurses in the development and implementation of public policies and in the provision of health care to adolescents in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
METHODS: The research was carried out in three phases: a documentary analysis, an online survey, and semi-structured focus groups. A total of 48 documents were analyzed, 288 nurses participated in the survey, and 29 nurses participated in the focus groups.
RESULTS: State policies aim to guarantee rights, with special protection for children and adolescents. It is an incremental process, with greater involvement of civil society and governments. Participants reported a lack of synergy between law and practice, as well as differences in regulatory compliance in rural areas and in populations of different ethnicities and cultures. Their perception was that the protection of adolescents is not specifically enshrined in the legal bases and regulatory structures of the countries, meaning that there are both protective factors and tensions in the regulatory framework. While nurses are highly committed to different actions aimed at adolescents, their participation in policy development and implementation is low, with barriers related to a lack of specialized training and working conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Given nurses\' involvement in different actions aimed at adolescents, they could play a fundamental role in the development of policies for adolescents and ensure their effective implementation. Policymakers should consider revising the budget to make compliance viable, incorporating and using monitoring indicators, and increasing the involvement of educational institutions and the community.