目的:评估2006年至2018年墨西哥青少年的饮食质量趋势,包括总体和社会人口统计学指标,使用EAT-柳叶刀行星健康(PH)建议的适应,由全球疾病负担(GBD)估计的最佳摄入量,和墨西哥膳食指南(MDG)在全国代表性的样本。
方法:使用半定量食物频率问卷的饮食数据,构建了膳食质量指标,以适应三种膳食摄入量建议。以调查年份为主要自变量,并根据年龄调整后的多变量分位数回归模型评估了遵守建议的趋势。性别,能量摄入,居住区,地理区域,家庭资产状况,和学生/非学生身份。P值和置信区间进行Bonferroni校正。
方法:墨西哥。
方法:12至19岁的非怀孕或哺乳期青少年(n=16,520)。
结果:对PH指数的依从性约为40%,GBD接近35%,千年发展目标约为37%。最低的粘附量是添加的糖,含糖饮料,坚果和种子,红肉,加工肉类,和豆类(<28%)。在任何指数中都没有发现2006-2018年的总依从性趋势。然而,家禽的负依从性趋势(β=-2.4),和饱和脂肪(β-0.93),对不饱和油呈阳性(β=1.23),在PH在MDG中,发现了普通水(β=1.63)和富含脂肪的食物(β=-1.24)的相关趋势。
结论:墨西哥青少年通过这三种方法表现出较差的饮食质量。因此,该人群的饮食相关慢性疾病风险较高.需要进一步的研究和适当的公共政策。
OBJECTIVE: To assess trends in the dietary quality of Mexican adolescents from 2006 to 2018, both overall and by sociodemographic indicators, using adaptations of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health (PH) recommendations, optimal intake estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and 2015 Mexican Dietary Guidelines (MDG) in nationally representative samples.
METHODS: Using dietary data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, dietary quality indexes were constructed as adaptations of three dietary intake recommendations. Trends in adherence to recommendations were evaluated with multivariate quantile regression models with survey year as the main independent variable and adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, dwelling area, geographical region, household assets condition, and student/non-student status. P values and CI were Bonferroni-corrected.
METHODS: Mexico.
METHODS: Non-pregnant or lactating adolescents aged 12-19 years (n 16 520).
RESULTS: Adherence to the PH index was about 40 %, GBD was nearly 35 % and MDG was about 37 %. The lowest adherences were for added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts and seeds, red meats, processed meats, and legumes (<28 %). No 2006-2018 trends in total adherence were found in any index. Nevertheless, negative adherence trends were identified for poultry (β = -2·4), and saturated fats (β = -0·93), and positive for unsaturated oils (β = 1·23), in the PH. In MDG, relevant trends were found for plain water (β = 1·63) and foods rich in fats (β = -1·24).
CONCLUSIONS: Mexican adolescents have demonstrated poor dietary quality by these three approaches. Therefore, this population has a high-risk profile for diet-associated chronic diseases. Further research and appropriate public policies are needed.