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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Due to cognitive impairments, people with dementia (PWD) often have difficulties in eating and drinking. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, dietary quality and eating disturbance issues among PWD in Vietnam.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Vietnamese National Geriatric Hospital from April to December 2022. We used Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to classify the severity levels of dementia. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 24-hour recall, eating disturbance questionnaires, and anthropometric indicators were used to evaluate the nutritional status, dietary quality, and eating disorders of study subjects.
RESULTS: Overall, among 63 study participants, 74.6 per cent of PWD were at risk of or having malnutrition. By dementia classification according to MMSE scale, people with moderate and severe dementia accounted for 53.3 per cent of those who met the recommended energy levels, compared to 42.4 per cent of people with mild dementia and normal people. In the above two groups, around three per cent of participants reached the recommended amount of fibre. Calcium (50-70%), vitamin A (80-90%), and D (90%) were found to be the most severe deficiency forms of minerals and vitamins in both male and female participants. The majority of participants (90.5%) had at least one form of eating disorders with the most frequent issue being appetite changes (76.2%) and swallowing issues (50.8%).
CONCLUSIONS: PWD in our sample frequently experienced malnutrition, a lack of essential nutrients, difficulties swallowing, changes in eating habits and appetite. It is neccesary to early screen and assess nutritional status and swallowing disturbance in PWD, and instruct their caregivers to prepare nutritious meals for them.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Vietnamese National Geriatric Hospital from April to December 2022. We used Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to classify the severity levels of dementia. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 24-hour recall, eating disturbance questionnaires, and anthropometric indicators were used to evaluate the nutritional status, dietary quality, and eating disorders of study subjects.
RESULTS: Overall, among 63 study participants, 74.6 per cent of PWD were at risk of or having malnutrition. By dementia classification according to MMSE scale, people with moderate and severe dementia accounted for 53.3 per cent of those who met the recommended energy levels, compared to 42.4 per cent of people with mild dementia and normal people. In the above two groups, around three per cent of participants reached the recommended amount of fibre. Calcium (50-70%), vitamin A (80-90%), and D (90%) were found to be the most severe deficiency forms of minerals and vitamins in both male and female participants. The majority of participants (90.5%) had at least one form of eating disorders with the most frequent issue being appetite changes (76.2%) and swallowing issues (50.8%).
CONCLUSIONS: PWD in our sample frequently experienced malnutrition, a lack of essential nutrients, difficulties swallowing, changes in eating habits and appetite. It is neccesary to early screen and assess nutritional status and swallowing disturbance in PWD, and instruct their caregivers to prepare nutritious meals for them.
摘要：
背景：由于认知障碍，痴呆症患者（PWD）通常在饮食方面遇到困难。这项研究旨在评估营养状况，越南PWD的饮食质量和饮食干扰问题。
方法：我们于2022年4月至12月在越南国立老年病医院进行了一项横断面研究。我们使用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）对痴呆的严重程度进行分类。迷你营养评估（MNA），24小时召回,饮食干扰问卷，和人体测量指标来评估营养状况，饮食质量，和研究对象的饮食失调。
结果：总体而言，在63名研究参与者中，74.6%的残疾人有营养不良的风险或有营养不良的风险。根据MMSE量表对痴呆症进行分类，中度和重度痴呆症患者占达到建议能量水平的53.3%，相比之下，轻度痴呆症患者和正常人的比例为42.4%。在上述两组中，大约百分之三的参与者达到了建议的纤维量。钙（50-70%），维生素A（80-90%），发现D（90％）是男性和女性参与者中最严重的矿物质和维生素缺乏形式。大多数参与者（90.5%）至少有一种形式的饮食失调，最常见的问题是食欲变化（76.2%）和吞咽问题（50.8%）。
结论：我们的样本中的PWD经常经历营养不良，缺乏必需的营养素，吞咽困难，饮食习惯和食欲的变化。早期筛查和评估PWD的营养状况和吞咽障碍是必要的。并指导他们的照顾者为他们准备营养餐。
方法：我们于2022年4月至12月在越南国立老年病医院进行了一项横断面研究。我们使用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）对痴呆的严重程度进行分类。迷你营养评估（MNA），24小时召回,饮食干扰问卷，和人体测量指标来评估营养状况，饮食质量，和研究对象的饮食失调。
结果：总体而言，在63名研究参与者中，74.6%的残疾人有营养不良的风险或有营养不良的风险。根据MMSE量表对痴呆症进行分类，中度和重度痴呆症患者占达到建议能量水平的53.3%，相比之下，轻度痴呆症患者和正常人的比例为42.4%。在上述两组中，大约百分之三的参与者达到了建议的纤维量。钙（50-70%），维生素A（80-90%），发现D（90％）是男性和女性参与者中最严重的矿物质和维生素缺乏形式。大多数参与者（90.5%）至少有一种形式的饮食失调，最常见的问题是食欲变化（76.2%）和吞咽问题（50.8%）。
结论：我们的样本中的PWD经常经历营养不良，缺乏必需的营养素，吞咽困难，饮食习惯和食欲的变化。早期筛查和评估PWD的营养状况和吞咽障碍是必要的。并指导他们的照顾者为他们准备营养餐。
