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Abstract：
Food security (FS) is a powerful social determinant of health (SDOH) and is crucial for human and planetary health. The objectives of this article are to (i) provide clarity on the definitions of FS and nutrition security; (ii) provide a framework that clearly explains the links between the two constructs; (iii) summarize measurement approaches, and (iv) illustrate applications to monitoring and surveillance, policy and program design and evaluation, and research, mainly based on the ongoing rich experience with food insecurity (FI) scales. A clear and concise definition of FI and corresponding frameworks are available. There are different methods for directly or indirectly assessing FI. The best method(s) of choice need to be selected based on the questions asked, resources, and time frames available. Experience-based FI measures disseminated from the United States to the rest of the world in the early 2000s became a game changer for advancing FI research, policy, program evaluation, and governance. The success with experience FI scales is informing the dissemination, adaptation, and validation of water insecurity scales globally. The many lessons learned across countries on how to advance policy and program design and evaluation through improved FS conceptualization and measurement should be systematically shared through networks of researchers and practitioners.
摘要：
粮食安全（FS）是健康的强大社会决定因素（SDOH），对人类和地球健康至关重要。本文的目标是：(i)明确说明FS和营养安全的定义；(ii)提供一个框架，清楚地解释这两种结构之间的联系；(iii)总结测量方法，和(四)说明监测和监督的应用，政策和方案设计和评估，和研究，主要基于目前在粮食不安全(FI)量表方面的丰富经验。FI和相应框架的清晰简洁的定义是可用的。直接或间接评估FI有不同的方法。选择的最佳方法需要根据提出的问题来选择，资源,和可用的时间框架。2000年代初，从美国传播到世界其他地区的基于经验的FI措施成为推进FI研究的游戏规则改变者，政策,项目评估，和治理。经验FI量表的成功为传播提供了信息，适应,并验证全球水不安全尺度。应通过研究人员和从业人员网络系统地分享各国在如何通过改进FS概念化和衡量来推进政策和方案设计和评估方面的许多经验教训。
