The high volatility of the terpenes contained in flavour-containing terpene (FCT) products causes the loss of these contents during product storage; thus, measuring the loss of FCT content during storage is important to estimate the final content. This work provides data on the reduction in FCT content of infused pre-rolled paper cones after 1 to 7 days of storage. Determination of FCT content was based on the formation of a reddish-brown precipitate resulting from the reaction of terpene moiety in FCT with sulphuric acid. Then, the absorbance of the precipitate was analysed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometric method at a visible wavelength of 538 nm. A calibration standard curve was prepared concerning the concentration of the original FCT sample and used to determine the FCT content in infused pre-rolled paper. The FCT content on the first day of storage decreased and increased again after seven days of storage due to condensation. The data on the FCT content reduction as the effect of additive added was also evaluated.

Heterojunction nanocomposites (ZnO:NiO:CuO) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and annealed at three different temperatures (400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C). The structural, optical, and electrical properties were examined by employing XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, FTIR, and LCR meter techniques to investigate the effects of annealing. Increasing the annealing temperature resulted in the nanocomposites (NCPs) exhibiting enhanced crystallinity, purity, optical properties, and improved electrical and dielectric behavior. The calculated crystalline sizes (Debye-Scherrer method) of the NCPs were determined to be 21, 26 and 34 nm for annealing temperature 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C, respectively. The calculated bandgaps of synthesized samples were found in the range of 2.92-2.55 eV. This temperature-dependent annealing process notably influenced particle size, morphology, band-gap characteristics, and photocatalytic efficiency. EDX analysis affirmed the sample purity, with elemental peaks of Zn, Cu, Ni, and O. These NCPs demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity against various dyes solutions (Methyl orange (MO), Methylene Blue (MB), and mixed solution of dyes) under sunlight and also showed good antibacterial properties assessed by the disc diffusion method. Notably, the nanocomposite annealed at 400 °C exhibited a particularly high degradation efficiency by degrading 96% MB and 91% MO in just 90 min under sunlight.

A new functional Fe-30Mn-5Si-xCu (x = 1.5 and 2 wt%) biomaterial was obtained from the levitation induction melting process and evaluated as a biodegradable material. The degradation characteristics were assessed in vitro using immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 ± 1 °C, evaluating mass loss, pH variation that occurred in the solution, open circuit potential (OCP), linear and cyclic potentiometry (LP and CP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and nano-FTIR. To obtain plates as samples, the cast materials were thermo-mechanically processed by hot rolling. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was employed to evaluate the thermal properties of the smart material. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to show the nanometric and microstructural changes during the hot rolling process and DMA solicitations. The type of corrosion identified was generalized corrosion, and over the first 3-5 days, an increase in mass was observed, caused by the compounds formed at the metal-solution interface. The formed compounds were identified mainly as oxides that passed into the immersion liquid. The degradation rate (DR) was obtained as a function of mass loss, sample surface area and immersion duration. The dynamic mechanical behavior and dimensions of the sample were evaluated after 14 days of immersion. The nanocompounds found on the surface after atmospheric corrosion and immersion in SBF were investigated with the Neaspec system using the nano-FTIR technique.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are eco-friendly, and promising technology for treating dye containing wastewater. This study focuses on investigating the removal of methyl orange (MO), an azo dye, from a synthetic wastewater through the use of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), both independently and in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an external oxidant, as well as photocatalysis (PC) employing catalyst coated on glass fibers tissue (GFT). The examination of various operating parameters, including the pressure drop and the concentration of H2O2, was systematically conducted to optimize the degradation of MO. A per-pass degradation modelwas used to interpret and describe the experimental data. The data revealed that exclusive employment of HC using a vortex-based cavitation device at 1.5 bar pressure drop, resulted in a degradation exceeding 96 % after 100 passes, equivalent to 230 min of treatment (cavitation yield of 3.6 mg/kJ for HC), with a COD mineralization surpassing 12 %. The presence of a small amount of H2O2 (0.01 %) significantly reduced the degradation time from 230 min to 36 min (16 passes), achieving a degradation of 99.8 % (cavitation yield of 6.77 mg/kJ for HC) with COD mineralization rate twice as much as HC alone, indicating a synergistic effect of 4.8. The degradation time was further reduced to 21 min by combining HC with PC using TiO2-coated glass fibers and H2O2, (cavitation yield of 11.83 mg/kJ for HC), resulting in an impressive synergistic effect of 9.2 and COD mineralization twice as high as the HC/H2O2 system. The results demonstrate that HC based hybrid AOPs can be very effective for treating and mineralizing azo dyes in water.

Prebiotics exert favorable effects on the host through interactions with probiotics, and their beneficial impacts have been extensively validated across various chronic ailments, including diabetes. This study presents findings from a case-control investigation involving 10 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 10 healthy counterparts. Fresh stool specimens were collected from all participants. Following a 24-h fermentation period in mediums containing xylitol and mannitol, the observed increase in Lactobacillus abundance within the case group exceeded that of the control group. Similarly, in mediums containing soluble starch, choline, and L-carnitine, the augmentation of Bifidobacterium within the case group surpassed that of the controls. Notably, a statistically significant divergence in sugar degradation rate emerged between the case and control groups, specifically in the medium harboring lactulose and isomalto-oligosaccharides. Remarkably, the degradation rate of lactulose exhibited a positive correlation with the expansion of Bifidobacterium (R 2 = .147, p = .037). Likewise, the degradation rate of isomalto-oligosaccharides demonstrated a positive correlation with Bifidobacterium proliferation (R 2 = .165, p = .041). In conclusion, prebiotics like xylitol and mannitol exhibit the capacity to enhance intestinal probiotic populations in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes. The modifications in the intestinal flora homeostasis of diabetic patients may be evidenced by alterations in the degradation rate of specific prebiotic substrates.

The utilization of guided tissue regeneration membranes is a significant approach for enhancing bone tissue growth in areas with bone defects. Biodegradable magnesium alloys are increasingly being used as guided tissue regeneration membranes due to their outstanding osteogenic properties. However, the degradation rates of magnesium alloy bone implants documented in the literature tend to be rapid. Moreover, many studies focus only on the initial 3-month period post-implantation, limiting their applicability and impeding clinical adoption. Furthermore, scant attention has been given to the interplay between the degradation of magnesium alloy implants and the adjacent tissues. To address these gaps, this study employs a well-studied magnesium-aluminum (Mg-Al) alloy membrane with a slow degradation rate. This membrane is implanted into rat skull bone defects and monitored over an extended period of up to 48 weeks. Observations are conducted at various intervals (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 weeks) following the implantation. Assessment of degradation behavior and tissue regeneration response is carried out using histological sections, micro-CT scans, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings reveal that the magnesium alloy membranes demonstrate remarkable biocompatibility and osteogenic capability over the entire observation duration. Specifically, the Mg-Al alloy membranes sustain their structural integrity for 8 weeks. Notably, their osteogenic ability is further enhanced as a corrosion product layer forms during the later stages of implantation. Additionally, our in vitro experiments employing extracts from the magnesium alloy display a significant osteogenic effect, accompanied by a notable increase in the expression of osteogenic-related genes. Collectively, these results strongly indicate the substantial potential of Mg-Al alloy membranes in the context of guided tissue regeneration.

Background In the periodontal regenerative procedure, the membrane used should possess good mechanical stability with suitable resorption time to allow restoration of the lost periodontium. Amniotic membrane (AM) has regenerative potential as a scaffold or barrier membrane due to its various beneficial properties. However, its degradation rate is not clearly reported. Methodology This study aimed to evaluate the resorption capacity of AM and its surface architecture after being subjected to hydrolytic degradation analysis in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). AM was cut into sizes of 10 × 10 mm2 for three replicates. The membranes were weighed before and at different time intervals (days 7, 14, 21, and 28) after immersion in PBS. The degradation rate was determined by the percentage of mean weight loss from the initial weight at different time intervals. The AM surface profile was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after 28 days of immersion. Results The result shows a 92% loss of weight over 28 days with the highest attained in the first seven days (67%), followed by 7%, 17%, and 1% after days 14, 21, and 28, respectively. SEM of the AM surface before the degradation test showed a polygonal shape forming a well-arranged mosaic pattern covered with microvilli. At day 28, the remaining AM appears as porous surface architecture, irregularly arranged fibers, and no microvilli seen. Conclusions This study demonstrated that over four weeks of degradation analysis, AM was not entirely degraded but had lost some of the microstructure. The biodegradability of AM should be further evaluated to elucidate its stability within adequate time parallel with the tissue healing process in periodontal tissue regeneration.

Seventeen extra virgin olive oil samples from Valencian Community (Spain) were submitted to a domestic-frying process (180 °C) during different degradation times (5, 10, 30, 60, 120 min). A dispersive liquid-liquid aerosol phase extraction by using a methanol/water (50:50) extracting solution was used to isolate the polyphenol fraction. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined, whereas the determination of seven individual target polyphenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin) was carried out by using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Statistically significant differences in the TPC values were found for Blanqueta and Manzanilla samples from different harvesting years. The domestic-frying process impacted the TPC and the individual phenolic compounds content. Thermal treatment for 2 h gave rise to a 94% decrease in the TPC. A first-order kinetic model was suitable to accurately describe the degradation of the individual phenolic compounds.

In recent years, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) mulch film has become one of the most commonly used biodegradable mulch films in agriculture in an attempt to combat plastic film pollution. However, its degradation characteristics and impact on the soil environment and crop growth are affected by many factors such as its composition, soil and crop types, local climate characteristics, etc. In this study, PBAT mulch film and ordinary polyethylene (PE) film were used as test materials, with non-mulching treatment (CK) as a control, to study the applicability of PBAT film in Moyu County, Southern Xinjiang region, using tomato growth as an example. The results showed that PBAT film started its induction period after 60 days, and 60.98% of the PBAT film was degraded within 100 days. Generally, the soil temperature and humidity preservation functions of this film were comparable to that of PE film in the seedling and flowering-fruiting stages of tomato growth. In the mature stage, the soil humidity under PBAT film was significantly lower than that of PE film due to its substantial degradation rate. However, this did not have any significant negative effects on tomato growth, yield, and quality. The tomato yield of 667 m2 with BPAT was insignificantly lower than that of PE film by 3.14%, and both were significantly higher than that of the CK treatment by 63.38% and 68.68%, respectively, indicating that it is feasible to use PBAT film to cultivate crops such as tomato in the arid region of Southern Xinjiang, China.

The degradation of collagen in different body parts is a critical point for designing collagen-based biomedical products. Here, three kinds of collagens labeled by second near-infrared (NIR-II) quantum dots (QDs), including collagen with low crosslinking degree (LC), middle crosslinking degree (MC) and high crosslinking degree (HC), were injected into the subcutaneous tissue, muscle and joints of the mouse model, respectively, in order to investigate the in vivo degradation pattern of collagen by NIR-II live imaging. The results of NIR-II imaging indicated that all tested collagens could be fully degraded after 35 days in the subcutaneous tissue, muscle and joints of the mouse model. However, the average degradation rate of subcutaneous tissue (k = 0.13) and muscle (k = 0.23) was slower than that of the joints (shoulder: k = 0.42, knee: k = 0.55). Specifically, the degradation rate of HC (k = 0.13) was slower than LC (k = 0.30) in muscle, while HC showed the fastest degradation rate in the shoulder and knee joints. In summary, NIR-II imaging could precisely identify the in vivo degradation rate of collagen. Moreover, the degradation rate of collagen was more closely related to the implanted body parts rather than the crosslinking degree of collagen, which was slower in the subcutaneous tissue and muscle compared to the joints in the mouse model.