声音分析是改善精准畜牧业系统的重要研究领域。如果牲畜声音携带的信息被正确解释,它可以用来改善这一领域的管理和福利评估。因此,我们假设母牛的鼻发声可能对特定物种有镇静作用。在我们的研究中,鼻发声是从母牛(不是测试牛群的一部分)舔一天大的小牛时记录的。对原始声音进行了分析,清理干净的噪音,最具代表性的发声被延长到两分钟。从80头匈牙利灰牛中随机选择30头有小牛的母牛。选择两个试验日,相隔一周;两天的天气情况相似。牛群被收集在一个围场里,并且测试地点(带有头锁的约束箱)距离它们21m。牛群中的母牛被轻轻地移到约束板条箱上,and,安装头锁后,将Polar®心率监测器固定在动物上。RR间隔的记录进行两分钟。在测试的第一天,在心率监测过程中,每一秒母牛都会播放经过处理的鼻音。当声音结束时,心率监测器被移除.在测试的第二天,在参与的奶牛之间切换了声音和没有声音的处理。在测量结束时,头锁被打开了,自愿让动物出去,并沿5m的距离进行了飞行测试。通过5m长度所需的时间用秒表测量并除以距离。RR间期用KubiosHRV标准(ver。3.5.0)软件。记录了整个测量的以下数据:平均和最大心率;SD1和SD2;pNN50;VLF,LF,和HF。在声音分析中检测到的准周期信号几乎听不到,即使它被增强到最大。这可以被认为是可能由关节基础引起的振动,比如舌头的振动,例如。SD2/SD1比率(0.97vs.1.07对于没有声音和声音播放的动物,分别,p=0.0110)和飞行速度(0.92vs.1.08s/m对于没有声音和声音播放的动物,分别,p=0.0409)表明声音处理对受约束的母牛具有镇静作用。测试当天不影响任何测量参数;因此,没有观察到常规的效果.声音处理的是-否序列显着降低了pNN50和飞行速度值,表明与头锁和处理鼻音的有效性有更积极的联系。总之,我们已经证明,通过合理的分析,不仅可以收集有关个人和牛群的信息,经过适当的处理,获得的声音可用于改善动物福利。
Sound analysis is an important field of research for improving precision livestock farming systems. If the information carried by livestock sounds is interpreted correctly, it could be used to improve management and welfare assessment in this field. Therefore, we hypothesized that the nasal
vocalization of a mother cow could have a calming effect on conspecifics. The nasal
vocalization in our study was recorded from a mother cow (not part of the test herd) while it was licking its day-old calf. The raw sound was analyzed, cleaned from noises, and the most representative
vocalization was lengthened to two minutes. Thirty cows having calves were randomly selected from eighty Hungarian grey cattle cows. Two test days were selected, one week apart; the weather circumstances in both days were similar. The herd was collected in a paddock, and the test site (a restraining crate with a headlock) was 21 m away from them. The cows from the herd were gently moved to the restraining crate, and, after the installation of the headlock, Polar® heart rate monitors were fixed on the animals. The recording of the RR intervals was carried out for two minutes. On day one of the test, the processed nasal sound was played to every second cow during the heart rate monitoring. When the sound ended, the heart rate monitor was removed. On test day two, the sound and no sound treatments were switched among the participating cows. At the end of the measurement, the headlock was opened, letting the animals out voluntarily, and a flight test was performed along a 5 m distance. The time needed to pass the 5 m length was measured with a stopwatch and divided by the distance. The RR intervals were analyzed with the Kubios HRV Standard (ver. 3.5.0) software. The following data were recorded for the entire measurement: average and maximum heart rate; SD1 and SD2; pNN50; VLF, LF, and HF. The quasi-periodic signal detected in the sound analyses can hardly be heard, even when it is enhanced to the maximum. This can be considered a vibration probably caused by the basis of articulation, such as a vibration of the tongue, for example. The SD2/SD1 ratio (0.97 vs. 1.07 for the animals having no sound and sound played, respectively, p = 0.0110) and the flight speed (0.92 vs. 1.08 s/m for the animals having no sound and sound played, respectively, p = 0.0409) indicate that the sound treatment had a calming effect on the restrained cows. The day of the test did not influence any of the measured parameters; therefore, no effect of the routine was observed. The yes-no sequence of the sound treatment significantly reduced the pNN50 and flight speed values, suggesting a somewhat more positive association with the headlock and the effectiveness of the processed nasal sound. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that, by means of sound analyses, not only information about individuals and the herd can be gathered but that, with proper processing, the sound obtained can be used to improve animal welfare.