■美国梨(马克西姆。)是生长在中国北方的一种独特的梨树。该树具有很强的耐寒性,可以承受-30°C至-35°C的低温。由于其独特的生长环境,它的果实富含矿物质,并且具有更高水平的矿物质,例如K,Ca和Mg比Pyruspyrifolia(Nakai。)和Pyrusbretschneideri(Rehd。)在市场上,许多人说成熟的水果味道比其他品种好。综合分析不同品种海参果实矿质元素特征,为选育提供有价值的科学依据,ussuriensis消费品种的育种和生产,并更全面地了解水果品种之间的营养差异。
■在这项研究中,野生的70个品种,比较了不同地理位置的美国石竹的驯化和栽培种。针对水果中含有的四种主要矿质元素和八种微量矿质元素,分析了不同品种ussuriensis果皮和果肉中矿物质含量的差异,使用现代微波消解ICP-MS进行比较和分类。
■美国石竹果实中的矿质元素含量一般为:K>P>Ca>Mg>Na>Al>Fe>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd。不同水果果皮和果肉中的矿质元素组成也存在显著差异。果皮中四种主要矿质元素为K>Ca>P>Mg,纸浆中K>P>Mg>Ca。野生果实品种的矿质元素含量高于栽培和驯化品种。相关分析结果表明,K,P和Cu均在美国石榴果实果皮和果肉中(P<0。01).聚类分析结果表明,根据果皮或果肉的含量,可以将70个美国山梨品种分为三个略有不同的类别。根据果皮的含量,这些品种分为:(1)高Na的品种,Mg,P,K,铁和锌含量,(2)Ca含量高的品种和(3)矿质元素含量中等的品种。根据果肉含量,这些品种分为:(1)高镁的品种,P和K含量,(2)矿质元素含量低的品种,(3)Na和Ca含量高的品种。对相关矿质元素含量因素的综合分析表明,‘SSHMSL,\'\'QYL,\'\'SWSL\'和\'ZLTSL-3\'是最好的品种,并可作为未来大规模生产梨育种计划的重点品种。
Pyrus ussuriensis (Maxim.) is a unique pear tree that grows in northern China. The tree has strong cold resistance and can withstand low temperatures from -30 °C to -35 °C. Due to its unique growth environment, its fruit is rich in minerals and has much higher levels of minerals such as K, Ca and Mg than the fruit of Pyrus pyrifolia (Nakai.) and Pyrus bretschneideri (Rehd.) on the market, and many say the ripe fruit tastes better than other varieties. A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of mineral elements in the fruits of different varieties of P. ussuriensis will provide a valuable scientific basis for the selection, breeding and production of consumer varieties of P. ussuriensis, and provide a more complete understanding of nutritional differences between fruit varieties.
In this study, 70 varieties of wild, domesticated and cultivated species of P. ussuriensis from different geographical locations were compared. Targeting four main mineral elements and eight trace mineral elements contained in the fruit, the differences in mineral content in the
peel and pulp of different varieties of P. ussuriensis were analyzed, compared and classified using modern microwave digestion ICP-MS.
The mineral elements in the fruit of P. ussuriensis generally followed the following content pattern: K > P > Ca > Mg > Na > Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The mineral element compositions in the
peel and pulp of different fruits were also significantly different. The four main mineral elements in the
peel were K > Ca > P > Mg, and K > P > Mg > Ca in the pulp. The mineral element content of wild fruit varieties was higher than that of cultivated and domesticated varieties. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between K, P and Cu in both the peel and pulp of P. ussuriensis fruit (P < 0. 01). Cluster analysis results showed that the 70 varieties of P. ussuriensis could be divided into three slightly different categories according to the content of the
peel or pulp. According to the contents of the fruit
peel, these varieties were divided into: (1) varieties with high Na, Mg, P, K, Fe and Zn content, (2) varieties with high Ca content and (3) varieties with medium levels of mineral elements. According to the fruit pulp content, these varieties were divided into: (1) varieties with high Mg, P and K content, (2) varieties with low mineral element content, and (3) varieties with high Na and Ca content. The comprehensive analysis of relevant mineral element content factors showed that \'SSHMSL,\' \'QYL,\' \'SWSL\' and \'ZLTSL-3\' were the best varieties, and could be used as the focus varieties of future breeding programs for large-scale pear production.