PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study identified secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Penicillium digitatum in fruits of two blood orange cultivars before harvest. Analysis was performed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Three types of fruits were selected, asymptomatic, symptomatic showing necrotic lesions caused by hail, and mummified. Extracts from peel and juice were analyzed separately. Penicillium digitatum was the prevalent species recovered from mummified and hail-injured fruits. Among 47 secondary metabolites identified, 16, 18, and 13 were of A. alternata, C. gloeosporioides, and P. digitatum, respectively. Consistently with isolations, indicating the presence of these fungi also in asymptomatic fruits, the metabolic profiles of the peel of hail-injured and asymptomatic fruits did not differ substantially. Major differences were found in the profiles of juice from hail-injured and mummified fruits, such as a significant higher presence of 5,4-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6C-methylflavone and Atrovenetin, particularly in the juice of mummified fruits of the Tarocco Lempso cultivar. Moreover, the mycotoxins patulin and Rubratoxin B were detected exclusively in mummified fruits. Patulin was detected in both the juice and peel, with a higher relative abundance in the juice, while Rubratoxin B was detected only in the juice. These findings provide basic information for evaluating and preventing the risk of contamination by mycotoxins in the citrus fresh fruit supply chain and juice industry.
摘要：
这项研究确定了由链格孢菌产生的次生代谢产物，炭疽病，收获前两个血橙品种果实中的指状青霉。通过UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS进行分析。选择了三种水果，无症状，症状显示冰雹引起的坏死病变，和木乃伊。分别分析来自果皮和果汁的提取物。指状青霉是从木乃伊和冰雹损伤的果实中恢复的流行物种。在确定的47种次生代谢产物中，16、18和13是A.alternata，C.gloeosporioides,和P.digitum,分别。与隔离一致，表明这些真菌也存在于无症状的水果中，冰雹损伤和无症状水果果皮的代谢谱没有实质性差异。在冰雹损伤和木乃伊水果的果汁轮廓中发现了主要差异，如显著较高的5,4-二羟基-3,7,8-三甲氧基-6C-甲基黄酮和阿特罗维汀的存在，特别是在TaroccoLempso品种的木乃伊果实汁中。此外，仅在木乃伊果实中检测到霉菌毒素棒曲霉素和RubratoxinB。在果汁和果皮中都检测到了棒曲霉素，果汁的相对丰度较高，而RubratoxinB仅在果汁中检测到。这些发现为评估和预防柑橘新鲜水果供应链和果汁行业中霉菌毒素污染的风险提供了基础信息。
