实地研究旨在通过提供有关浓度的宝贵信息来解决已确定的研究差距,空间分布,污染水平,以及来自四个采样点的沉积物样品中的有毒和必需元素的来源分配(P1:BeiraRio(市区),P2:Bananal(农村地区),P3:Embiral(农村地区),P4:Cidelándia(农村地区)分布在托坎廷斯河中段,巴西。2023年从河段收集了样品,并使用各种污染物进行了分析(地质累积指数,污染因子,富集因子,污染负荷指数,沉积物污染指数,潜在生态风险系数,和综合风险指数)。结果表明,铝的含量,铁,锰,硒在那一年超过了法律标准。铬,镍,铜,锌,铅超标,主要在P1段铝和P3段镍和铅。多雨的月份表现出增加的存在,表明季节性变化。地质累积指数表明污染水平低,铅和镍尤其存在于城市和工业区附近。富集因子突出了工业区中铅和锌的浓度升高。PLI和SPI指数都引起了人们对一年中特定时间的Pb(P4)和Zn(P3)浓度的关注。总的来说,大多数地点的潜在生态风险被认为较低。持续的监测和干预措施对于保持该地区的水和环境质量至关重要。
The field study aims to address identified research gaps by providing valuable information on the concentration, spatial distribution, pollution levels, and source apportionment of toxic and essential elements in sediment samples from four sampling sites (P1: Beira Rio (urban area), P2: Bananal (rural area), P3: Embiral (rural area), P4: Cidelândia (rural area) distributed along the middle Tocantins River, Brazil. Samples were collected in 2023 from river sections and analyzed using various contamination índices (geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index, sediment pollution index, potential ecological risk coefficients, and integrated risk index). Results indicated that the levels of aluminum, iron, manganese, and selenium exceeded legal standards in that year. Chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, and lead exceeded guidelines, mainly in section P1 for aluminum and section P3 for nickel and lead. Rainy months showed increased presence, indicating seasonal variability. The geoaccumulation index indicated low pollution levels, with lead and nickel notably present near urban and industrial areas. The enrichment factor highlighted elevated concentrations of lead and zinc in industrial areas. Both PLI and SPI indices raise concerns regarding Pb (P4) and Zn (P3) concentrations at specific times of the year. Overall, potential ecological risks were deemed low for most sites. Continuous monitoring and interventions are crucial to preserve water and environmental quality in the region.