由于其对人类健康和其他生物的潜在影响,水源中药物污染物的存在已成为一个日益关注的问题。药物的物理化学性质基于其预期的治疗应用,其中包括抗生素,荷尔蒙,镇痛药,和抗抑郁药,是相当多样化的。它们在废水中的存在,污水,地表水,地下水,甚至在饮用水中的报道是由世界各地的许多研究人员。人类通过饮用水或食用水生和陆生生物接触这些污染物引起了人们对潜在不利影响的担忧,比如内分泌干扰,抗生素耐药性,和发育异常。一旦在环境中,他们可以坚持,经历转变,或降解,导致复杂的污染物混合物。处理后的废水的应用,堆肥,农田中的肥料或生物固体在环境中引入药物污染物。由于药物在性质上是多种多样的,在它们在植物中的吸收和积累期间观察到显著差异。虽然对水生生态系统进行了广泛的研究,对农业用地的影响更加不同。截至目前,关于植物在植物器官内部和之间吸收和运输药物的潜力的报道很少。这篇综述总结了一系列浓度的药物在水生水体中的发生及其吸收,积累,并在植物组织内运输。强调了药物污染物对植物生长的具体影响和未来研究范围的研究空白。影响药物摄取的因素包括疏水性,电离,物理化学性质(pKa,logKow,pH值,讨论了亨利定律常数)。最后,综述了植物细胞内药物通过代谢相酶的代谢和植物对药物的反应。
The presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water sources has become a growing concern due to its potential impacts on human health and other organisms. The physicochemical properties of pharmaceuticals based on their intended therapeutical application, which include antibiotics, hormones, analgesics, and antidepressants, is quite diverse. Their presence in wastewater, sewerage water, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water is reported by many researchers throughout the world. Human exposure to these pollutants through drinking water or consumption of aquatic and terrestrial organisms has raised concerns about potential adverse effects, such as endocrine disruption, antibiotic resistance, and developmental abnormalities. Once in the environment, they can persist, undergo transformation, or degrade, leading to a complex mixture of contaminants. Application of treated wastewater, compost, manures or biosolids in agricultural fields introduce pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment. As pharmaceuticals are diverse in nature, significant differences are observed during their uptake and accumulation in plants. While there have been extensive studies on aquatic ecosystems, the effect on agricultural land is more disparate. As of now, there are few reports available on the potential of plant uptake and transportation of pharmaceuticals within and between plant organs. This review summarizes the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic water bodies at a range of concentrations and their uptake, accumulation, and transport within plant tissues. Research gaps on pharmaceutical pollutants\' specific effect on plant growth and future research scopes are highlighted. The factors affecting uptake of pharmaceuticals including hydrophobicity, ionization, physicochemical properties (pKa, logKow, pH, Henry\'s law constant) are discussed. Finally, metabolism of pharmaceuticals within plant cells through metabolism phase enzymes and plant responses to pharmaceuticals are reviewed.