城市环境中的微塑料(MP)污染是一个普遍存在且复杂的问题,对环境和人类健康具有重大影响。尽管已经对城市环境中的MP污染进行了研究,在了解确切来源方面仍然存在研究空白,regulation,以及城市MP对环境和公共卫生的影响。因此,这项研究的目的是提供复杂途径的全面概述,有害影响,以及城市MP污染的监管努力。它讨论了研究挑战,并提出了解决城市环境中与环境问题有关的国会议员的未来方向。在这项研究中,2010年至2024年发表的十个数据库类别的原始研究论文,包括PubMed,谷歌学者,Scopus,和WebofScience,进行了选择和审查,以提高我们对城市MP污染的理解。分析揭示了议员的多方面来源,包括地表径流,废水排放,大气沉降,和生物相互作用,这导致了水生和陆地生态系统的污染。国会议员对海洋和陆地生命构成威胁,淡水生物,土壤健康,植物群落,通过摄入和人类健康,吸入,和皮肤暴露。目前针对MP污染的监管措施包括改善废物管理,升级的废水处理,雨水管理,产品创新,公众意识运动,和社区参与。尽管采取了这些监管措施,几个挑战,如;缺乏标准化的国会议员测试方法,国会议员通过多种来源和途径进入环境,各国在平衡贸易利益和环境问题方面的斗争阻碍了有效的政策实施和执行。解决城市环境中的MP污染对于保护生态系统至关重要,保障公众健康,推进可持续发展。跨学科合作,创新研究,严格的规定,和公众参与对于缓解这一关键问题和确保城市环境和地球更清洁、更健康的未来至关重要。
Microplastic (MP) pollution in urban environments is a pervasive and complex problem with significant environmental and human health implications. Although studies have been conducted on MP pollution in urban environments, there are still research gaps in understanding the exact sources, regulation, and impact of urban MP on the environment and public health. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex pathways, harmful effects, and regulatory efforts of urban MP pollution. It discusses the research challenges and suggests future directions for addressing MPs related to environmental issues in urban settings. In this study, original research papers published from 2010 to 2024 across ten database categories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, were selected and reviewed to improve our understanding of urban MP pollution. The analysis revealed multifaceted sources of MPs, including surface runoff, wastewater discharge, atmospheric deposition, and biological interactions, which contribute to the contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. MPs pose a threat to marine and terrestrial life, freshwater organisms, soil health, plant communities, and human health through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Current regulatory measures for MP pollution include improved waste management, upgraded wastewater treatment, stormwater management, product innovation, public awareness campaigns, and community engagement. Despite these regulatory measures, several challenges such as; the absence of standardized MPs testing methods, MPs enter into the environment through a multitude of sources and pathways, countries struggle in balancing trade interests with environmental concerns have hindered effective policy implementation and enforcement. Addressing MP pollution in urban environments is essential for preserving ecosystems, safeguarding public health, and advancing sustainable development. Interdisciplinary collaboration, innovative research, stringent regulations, and public participation are vital for mitigating this critical issue and ensuring a cleaner and healthier future for urban environments and the planet.