许多研究检查下颞叶(IT)皮层中单个神经元的反应,揭示了它们的特征,例如二维或三维形状调节,对象,或类别选择性。虽然已经研究了这些基本选择性,但假设它们对刺激的反应相对稳定,生理实验表明,IT神经元的反应性也取决于视觉体验。IT神经元的活动变化发生在不同的时间范围内;其中,重复抑制(RS),特别是,在没有任何行为或任务约束的情况下,在IT神经元中被强有力地观察到。我在猕猴的腹侧视觉神经元中观察到了类似的现象,同时它们进行自由观察并多次主动固定在一个一致的物体上。这种观察表明,这种现象也发生在自然情况下,在此期间,受试者积极地观察刺激而没有强迫固定,这表明这种现象每天都在发生,并且在视觉系统的各个区域都很普遍,使其成为视觉神经元的默认过程。这种短期活动调节可能是理解视觉系统的关键;然而,RS的电路机制和生物学意义尚不清楚。因此,在这次审查中,我总结了在IT神经元中观察到的调制类型和RS的已知特性。随后,我讨论视觉中的适应,包括高效和预测性编码等概念,以及适应与心理生理后遗症之间的关系。最后,我讨论了这种现象的一些概念性含义,以及可以解释适应作为视觉处理的基本方面的电路机制和模型。
Numerous studies examining the responses of individual neurons in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex have revealed their characteristics such as two-dimensional or three-dimensional shape tuning, objects, or category selectivity. While these basic selectivities have been studied assuming that their response to stimuli is relatively stable, physiological experiments have revealed that the responsiveness of IT neurons also depends on visual experience. The activity changes of IT neurons occur over various time ranges; among these, repetition suppression (RS), in particular, is robustly observed in IT neurons without any behavioral or task constraints. I observed a similar phenomenon in the ventral visual neurons in macaque monkeys while they engaged in free viewing and actively fixated on one consistent object multiple times. This observation indicates that the phenomenon also occurs in natural situations during which the subject actively views stimuli without forced fixation, suggesting that this phenomenon is an everyday occurrence and widespread across regions of the visual system, making it a default process for visual neurons. Such short-term activity modulation may be a key to understanding the visual system; however, the circuit mechanism and the biological significance of RS remain unclear. Thus, in this review, I summarize the observed modulation types in IT neurons and the known properties of RS. Subsequently, I discuss
adaptation in vision, including concepts such as efficient and predictive coding, as well as the relationship between
adaptation and psychophysical aftereffects. Finally, I discuss some conceptual implications of this phenomenon as well as the circuit mechanisms and the models that may explain
adaptation as a fundamental aspect of visual processing.