在缺水地区,用于灌溉农业的酸性矿山排水(AMD)水是解决淡水短缺的潜在解决方案。然而,在处理过的AMD水对土壤健康的短期和长期影响方面存在显著的知识差距。这项研究使用高通量Illumina测序和预测性宏基因组分析来研究未经治疗的AMD(AMD)的影响。生石灰(A1Q和A2Q)和生石灰和粉煤灰处理的AMD水(AFQ)灌溉对土壤细菌多样性的影响,共现网络和功能。结果表明,未经处理的AMD水显着增加了土壤酸度,电导率(EC),硫酸盐(SO42-),和重金属(HM),包括减少微生物多样性,中断的互动网络,和功能能力。pH值,EC,Cu,和Pb被确定为影响土壤微生物多样性和结构的关键环境因子。主要是,假单胞菌,Ralstoniapicketti,甲硝虫KB913035,小囊泡,和甲基杆菌,以其对酸性条件和金属抗性的适应性而闻名,在AMD土壤中含量丰富。然而,用处理过的AMD水灌溉的土壤显示出显着降低的酸度(pH>6.5),HM和SO42-级,与与土壤健康和农业生产力相关的多种功能相关的平衡细菌类群的富集。这些类群包括鞘氨醇单胞菌,假黄单胞菌,无色杆菌属,微细菌,红杆菌属,梭菌属,Massillia,根瘤菌,拟芽孢杆菌,和Hyphomerbium。此外,与未处理的AMD水相比,处理的AMD水有助于土壤细菌共现网络内更高的连通性和平衡。这些结果表明,生石灰/粉煤灰处理可以帮助减少AMD水对土壤微生物组和健康的影响,表明其在缺水地区灌溉农业的潜力。
In water-stressed regions, treated acid mine drainage (AMD) water for irrigated agriculture is a potential solution to address freshwater scarcity. However, a significant knowledge gap exists on the short and long-term effects of treated AMD water on soil health. This study used high-throughput Illumina sequencing and predictive metagenomic profiling to investigate the impact of untreated AMD (AMD), quicklime- (A1Q and A2Q) and quicklime and fly ash-treated AMD water (AFQ) irrigation on soil bacterial diversity, co-occurrence networks and function. Results showed that untreated AMD water significantly increased soil acidity, electrical conductivity (EC), sulfate (SO42-), and heavy metals (HM), including reduced microbial diversity, disrupted interaction networks, and functional capacity. pH, EC, Cu, and Pb were identified as key environmental factors shaping soil microbial diversity and structure. Predominantly, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia picketti, Methylotenera KB913035, Brevundimonas vesicularis, and Methylobacteriumoryzae, known for their adaptability to acidic conditions and metal resistance, were abundant in AMD soils. However, soils irrigated with treated AMD water exhibited significantly reduced acidity (pH > 6.5), HM and SO42- levels, with an enrichment of a balanced bacterial taxa associated with diverse functions related to soil health and agricultural productivity. These taxa included Sphingomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Achromobacter, Microbacterium, Rhodobacter, Clostridium, Massillia, Rhizobium, Paenibacillus, and Hyphomicrobium. Moreover, treated AMD water contributed to higher connectivity and balance within soil bacterial co-occurrence networks compared to untreated AMD water. These results show that quicklime/fly ash treatments can help lessen impacts of AMD water on soil microbiome and health, suggesting its potential for irrigated agriculture in water-scarce regions.