在废弃的露天煤矿,由于与黄铁矿等矿石的化学相互作用,地表水和地下水形成具有高浓度金属离子的酸性水,酸性矿山排水(AMD)的形成是世界关注的主要污染源之一。出于这个原因,本文对AMD的形成机制及影响因素进行综述。它还描述了预测,预防,和AMD的修复技术,确定关键研究差距。它还讨论了当前全球在AMD管理方面面临的挑战和不足。AMD的形成主要是由于矿山黄铁矿的氧化,但它主要受历史的影响,气候,地形,和水文地质学,使得AMD的形成机制极其复杂。目前,AMD的修复技术主要包括主动治疗和被动治疗,能有效中和酸性废水。然而,AMD的预测技术是空白的,钝化、微囊化等源处理技术仅停留在实验阶段。这导致现阶段处理技术的成本很高,无法识别矿山的潜在风险。总的来说,这篇综述为AMD从预测根本原因到治疗提供了补救工具.地球物理技术是预测未来AMD运动路径和污染面的有效方法,而AMD的资源回收是未来必须关注的重点。最后,需要强调值得进一步探索的综合治疗技术。
In abandoned open-pit coal mines, surface water and groundwater form acidic waters with high concentrations of metal ions due to chemical interactions with ores such as pyrite, and the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the major sources of pollution of world concern. For this reason, this paper reviews the formation mechanisms and influencing factors of AMD. It also describes the prediction, prevention, and remediation techniques for AMD, identifying key research gaps. It also discusses the current challenges and shortcomings faced globally in the management of AMD. The formation of AMD is mainly caused by the oxidation of pyrite in mines, but it is mainly influenced by history, climate, topography, and hydrogeology, making the formation mechanism of AMD extremely complex. Currently, the remediation technologies for AMD mainly include active treatment and passive treatment, which can effectively neutralize acidic wastewater. However, the prediction technology for AMD is blank, and the source treatment technology such as passivation and microencapsulation only stays in the experimental stage. This leads to the high cost of treatment technologies at this stage and the inability to identify potential risks in mines. Overall, this
review provides remediation tools for AMD from predicting root causes to treatment. Geophysical technology is an effective method for predicting the motion path and pollution surface of AMD in the future, and resource recovery for AMD is a key point that must be paid attention to in the future. Finally, integrated treatment technologies that deserve further exploration need to be emphasized.