PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The hydrochemical characteristics of acid mine drainage (AMD) were investigated in Wuma River Basin, China. AMD was sampled from nine closed coal mine (CCM) sites to study the temporal and spatial evolution of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (ED), total hardness (THR), total dissolved salt (TDS), and trace elements. The surface water (river) and groundwater surrounding mine sites were sampled to evaluate the potential pollution derived from AMDs. The TDS content of AMD was higher than that of surface water and groundwater. The dominant factors influencing TDS were the pH, temperature, and wet or dry season (which played a role in controlling microbial activity), HCO3 - balance, and REDOX during the evolutionary process. The hydrochemical type of AMD was dependent on the evolutionary stage. From observations, most AMDs were in the form of the SO4 2--Ca2+•Mg2+ type that was characterized by a low pH, low [HCO3 -], high [SO4 2-], and high [Fe]. In addition, the AMD samples were undergoing stage I and II processes, in which SO4 2- and trace elements were generated. The surface water and groundwater were primarily classified as the HCO3 --Ca2+•Mg2+ type, which accounted for their self-cleaning capacity, as indicated by the high [HCO3 -]. The surface water and groundwater could be affected by the surrounding AMD depending on the geographical location. The surface water and groundwater sites that were located downstream of subsurface and surface runoff were obviously affected by AMD. After being polluted by AMD, surface water and groundwater contained higher levels of trace elements and emerged as the HCO3 -•SO4 2--Ca2+•Mg2+ type.
摘要：
研究了乌马河流域酸性矿山排水（AMD）的水化学特征，中国。从9个封闭煤矿（CCM）站点采样AMD，以研究pH值的时空演变。溶解氧（DO），电导率（ED），总硬度(THR),总溶解盐（TDS），和微量元素。对矿区周围的地表水（河流）和地下水进行采样，以评估AMD产生的潜在污染。AMD的TDS含量高于地表水和地下水。影响TDS的主要因素是pH,温度,和潮湿或干燥季节（在控制微生物活性方面发挥作用），HCO3-平衡，和进化过程中的REDOX。AMD的水化学类型取决于进化阶段。从观察来看,大多数AMD是SO42--Ca2+·Mg2+型的形式，其特征是低pH值，低[HCO3-]，高[SO42-]，高[Fe]。此外,AMD样本正在经历I期和II期过程，其中生成了SO42-和微量元素。地表水和地下水主要分为HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+型，这说明了他们的自我清洁能力，如高[HCO3-]所示。地表水和地下水可能会受到周围AMD的影响，具体取决于地理位置。位于地下和地表径流下游的地表水和地下水站点明显受到AMD的影响。在被AMD污染后，地表水和地下水中微量元素含量较高，呈HCO3-•SO42--Ca2•Mg2型。
