在威希尼奥瓦卡矿区(波兰中南部)进行了详细的水文地球化学研究。这覆盖了三个酸坑体,历史悠久的尾矿酸池,酸池,还有两条相邻的河流。所有这些酸性矿井排水(AMD)水的特征在于pH在1.7(池)至3.5(尾矿池)范围内。最有趣的是Podwišniówka酸坑湖,它显示出非常低的pH值(2.2-2.5)和非常高的SO42-浓度(2720-5460mg/L),铁(545-1140毫克/升),铝(86.2毫克/升),As(9603-24,883μg/L),Co(1317-3458μg/L),Cr(753-2047μg/L),铜(6307-18,879μg/L),Ni(1168-3127μg/L),和稀土元素(REE)(589-1341μg/L)。此外,排水Podwišniówka矿山尾矿的渗漏和部分骨料桩在矿区形成强酸池。除了这些游泳池,其中As和REE含量达到369,726和6288μg/L,分别,这些水域是世界上最独特的富含AS和REE的AMD地表水之一。值得注意的是,Podwišniówka酸坑湖和WišniówkaDuáa酸坑集水池表现出不同的元素特征和按北美复合页岩(NASC)归一化的REE浓度模式:Podwišniówka酸坑湖总是表现出特征性的屋顶状中等REE(MREE)剖面,在Gd中具有明显的富集,Eu,和Tb,而另一个显示出阶梯状的重REE(HREE)轮廓,具有正的Tb和Gd异常。REE在风化过程中经历分馏,随后将溶解和悬浮的馏分从岩石中浸出到酸性水体,在那里这些元素和其他元素通过地球化学过程进一步分馏。这项研究表明,单个稀土对锰有更大的亲和力,HREE用于Fe和SO42-,Al只有La和Ce.这种特定的水地球化学使我们能够(i)查明AMD“热点”的位置,该“热点”源于当前和以前的采矿公司进行的石英岩开采和加工操作,(ii)预测在威尼翁瓦卡·杜卡和波德维尼翁瓦卡露天矿中未来的石英岩露天矿开采的方向和影响,(iii)评估采矿和加工废水对河流质量的潜在影响。
A detailed hydrogeochemical study was performed in the Wiśniówka mining area (south-central Poland). This covered three acid pit bodies, historic tailings acid ponds, acid pools, and additionally two neighboring rivers. All these acid mine drainage (AMD) waters are characterized by the pH in the range of 1.7 (pools) to 3.5 (tailings ponds). The most interesting is the Podwiśniówka acid pit lake that shows a very low pH (2.2-2.5) and very high concentrations of SO42- (2720-5460 mg/L), Fe (545-1140 mg/L), Al (86.2 mg/L), As (9603-24,883 μg/L), Co (1317-3458 μg/L), Cr (753-2047 μg/L), Cu (6307-18,879 μg/L), Ni (1168-3127 μg/L), and rare earth element (REE) (589-1341 μg/L). In addition, seeps that drain the Podwiśniówka mine tailings and partly aggregate piles form strong acid pools in the mining area. Along with these pools, in which As and REE contents reach 369,726 and 6288 μg/L, respectively, these waters are among the most distinctive As- and REE-rich AMD surface waters across the world. It is noteworthy that the Podwiśniówka acid pit lake and Wiśniówka Duża acid pit sump exhibit different element signatures and REE concentration patterns normalized to North American Composite Shale (NASC): the Podwiśniówka acid pit lake always shows a characteristic roof-shaped medium REE (MREE) profile with distinct enrichments in Gd, Eu, and Tb whereas the other one displays a step-shaped heavy REE (HREE) profile with positive Tb and Gd anomalies. The REE undergo fractionation during weathering and the subsequent leaching of dissolved and suspended fractions from rocks to acid water bodies where these and other elements are further fractionated by geochemical processes. This study shows that the individual REE have greater affinities for Mn, HREE for Fe and SO42-, and only La and Ce for Al. This specific water geochemistry has enabled us to (i) pinpoint the location of AMD \"hot spots\" originated from quartzite mining and processing operations conducted by current and previous mining companies, (ii) predict the directions and effects of future strip mining for quartzites in the Wiśniówka Duża and Podwiśniówka open pits, and (iii) evaluate the potential impact of mining and processing effluents on the quality of rivers.