Liver transplantation (LT) in Asia started comparatively early in 1964, just 1 year after Starzl\'s trail-blazing first attempt. Despite the quick start, LT was slow to develop in this region. Limited access to universal healthcare, lack of public understanding and support as well as the absence of strong legislation, on a backdrop of a wide range of diverse social, religious, economic and cultural background are all contributory factors. Through strong administrative efforts, the number of DDLTs in selected Asian countries has been slowly rising in recent years. However, Asians are generally still less likely to donate organs than Caucasians after death. The strong demand for LT with limited access to deceased organs has, therefore, led to constant need for innovation in LT this region, with the pioneering of various LDLT techniques and safe expansion of donor pool being driven primarily by Asian centers. Familiarity and the development of technical expertise in donor surgery have also resulted in Asian centers repeatedly pushing the boundaries on minimally invasive donor and recipient surgery. In this article, we focus on the past and present states of LT in Asia and explore the future trends of LT in this region.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is usually regarded as a relative contraindication for deceased kidney donation. The pathological variations because of the changes in the immune environment after kidney transplantation (KT) are unclear, and the recovery of renal function is poorly understood. We present a case of KT from a deceased donor with SLE who was followed-up for one year. Although SLE-related hemangioma developed during the perioperative period, it was cured after interventional treatment. A pre-planned biopsy was performed one year after KT, and it was found that most of the pathological changes and immunofluorescent markers of lupus had resolved. Renal function was stable, and urinary protein and occult blood levels reduced one year after KT.

The global pandemic has resulted in the common occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. In the post-pandemic era, it is imperative to understand the influence of donor SARS-CoV-2 infection on outcomes after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We retrospectively analysed allo-HSCTs from donors with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or early recovery stage (ERS) (group 1, n = 65) and late recovery stage (group 2, n = 120). Additionally, we included allo-HSCT from donors without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection as group 0 (n = 194). Transplants from donors with different SARS-CoV-2 infection status had comparable primary engraftment and survival rates. However, group 1 had higher incidences of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), grade II-IV (41.5% vs. 28.1% in group 0 [p = 0.014] and 30.6% in group 2 [p = 0.067]) and grade III-IV (22.2% vs. 9.6% [p = 0.004] in group 0 and 12.2% in group 2 [p = 0.049]). Conversely, the risk of aGvHD in group 2 was similar to that in group 0 (p > 0.5). Multivariable analysis identified group 1 associated with grade II-IV (hazard ratio [HR] 2.307, p = 0.010) and grade III-IV (HR 2.962, p = 0.001) aGvHD, which yielded no significant risk factors for survival. In conclusion, we preliminarily demonstrated donors in the active infection state or ERS of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with higher incidences of aGvHD in transplants from related donors.

The psychological side effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization in related donors of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and impacts of psychological/physical side effects on harvest outcomes remain largely unknown. We prospectively analyzed 349 consecutive related peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donors for allo-HCT at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine from March 2021 to August 2023. Higher baseline peripheral blood white blood cell counts (p = 0.046), monocyte counts (p < 0.001), platelet counts (p = 0.001), and hemoglobin (p < 0.001) had a positive correlation to CD34+ cell counts in the first leukapheresis, while female donors (male vs. female, p < 0.001) and older age (> 40 vs. < = 40, p = 0.003) were negatively related to CD34+ cell counts. Bone pain was the most observed physical side effect and was more frequent in female donors (p = 0.032). The incidence of fatigue was higher in female donors and older donors (female vs. male, p = 0.016; > 40 vs. < = 40, p = 0.015). Donor depression (pre vs. during mobilization, p < 0.001), anxiety (pre vs. during mobilization, p = 0.043) and insomnia (pre vs. during mobilization, p = 0.011) scores increased during the mobilization period. Donors with higher depression, anxiety and stress scores at admission were more likely to experience nausea. At 1 month after the last leukapheresis, the counts of white blood cell, neutrophil, monocyte and hemoglobin were significant lower than baseline counts, while the platelet counts recovered to baseline. The mobilization and harvest process can increase the depression, anxiety and insomnia scores. Poor psychological status of the donor can aggravate the occurrence of physical side effects.

Porphyrins and their derivatives possess high molar extinction coefficients and strong electron-donating abilities and have been widely used in organic solar cells (OSCs). Though porphyrins can be easily functionalized at the four meso-positions and the eight β-positions, nearly all porphyrin photovoltaic materials are reported to be functionalized at the meso-positions, and the porphyrin photovoltaic materials functionalized at the β-positions are to be explored. Herein, the regioselective β-positions of a porphyrin are first brominated without using rare metal iridium catalysts, and then, after two more reactions, two antipodal β-substituted porphyrin donors EHDPP-Por and BODPP-Por are synthesized, in which four DPP (diketopyrrolopyrrole) units are connected symmetrically with acetylene at four of the β-positions, for OSCs. The all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on EHDPP-Por:Y6 and BODPP-Por:Y6 active layers achieved power conversion efficiencies of 10.19 and 10.99%, respectively, which are higher than most of the binary OSCs based on the porphyrins functionalized at the meso-positions, demonstrating that β-functionalized porphyrins are very promising for OSCs.

OBJECTIVE: Sex-specific differences are observed in various liver diseases, but the influence of sex on the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) remains to be determined. This study is the first Chinese nationwide investigation of the role of sex in post-LT outcomes in patients with HCC.
METHODS: Data for recipients with HCC registered in the China Liver Transplant Registry between January 2015 and December 2020 were analyzed. The associations between donor, recipient, or donor-recipient transplant patterns by sex and the post-LT outcomes were studied with propensity score matching (PSM). The survival associated with different sex-based donor-recipient transplant patterns was further studied.
RESULTS: Among 3,769 patients enrolled in this study, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with HCC after LT were 96.1%, 86.4%, and 78.5%, respectively, in female recipients, and 95.8%, 79.0%, and 70.7%, respectively, in male recipients after PSM (P = 0.009). However, the OS was comparable between recipients with female donors and male donors. Multivariate analysis indicated that male recipient sex was a risk factor for post-LT survival (HR = 1.381, P = 0.046). Among the donor-recipient transplant patterns, the male-male donor-recipient transplant pattern was associated with the poorest post-LT survival (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted that the post-LT outcomes of female recipients were significantly superior to those of male recipients, and the male-male donor-recipient transplant pattern was associated with the poorest post-LT survival. Livers from male donors may provide the most benefit to female recipients. Our results indicate that sex should be considered as a critical factor in organ allocation.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of using donors with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) when there are no other available donors and allo-HSCT cannot be delayed or discontinued. Methods: Seventy-one patients with malignant hematological diseases undergoing allo-HSCT between December 8, 2022, and January 10, 2023, were included. Of these, 16 received grafts from donors with mild COVID-19 (D-COVID(+) group) and 55 received grafts from donors without COVID-19 (D-COVID(-) group). The graft compositions were compared between the two groups. Engraftment, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), overall survival (OS), and relapse were also evaluated. Results: There were no serious side effects or adverse events in the D-COVID(+) group. The mononuclear cell dose and CD34(+) cell dose were comparable between the two groups, and no additional apheresis was required. There were no significant differences in the lymphocyte, monocyte, and T-cell subset doses between the two groups. The median natural killer cell dose in the D-COVID(+) group was significantly higher than that in the D-COVID(-) group (0.69×10(8)/kg vs. 0.53×10(8)/kg, P=0.031). The median follow-up time was 72 (33-104) days. All patients achieved primary engraftment. The 60-day platelet engraftment rates in the D-COVID(+) and D-COVID(-) groups were 100% and (96.4±0.2) %, respectively (P=0.568). There were no significant differences in neutrophil (P=0.309) and platelet (P=0.544) engraftment times. The cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD was (37.5±1.6) % vs. (16.4±0.3) % (P=0.062), and of grade 3-4 aGVHD was 25.0% ±1.3% vs. 9.1% ±0.2% (P=0.095) in the D-COVID(+) and D-COVID(-) groups, respectively. The probabilities of 60-day OS were 100% and 98.1% ±1.8% (P=0.522) in the D-COVID(+) and D-COVID(-) groups, respectively. There was no relapse of primary disease during the study period. Conclusion: When allo-HSCT cannot be delayed or discontinued and no other donor is available, a donor with mild COVID-19 should be considered if tolerable. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to validate these results.
目的： 评估供者发生新型冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）时，在没有其他可用供者且异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）无法推迟或中止的情况下，使用原计划供者进行allo-HSCT的可行性。 方法： 纳入71例在2022年12月8日至2023年1月10日接受allo-HSCT的恶性血液病患者，其中16例接受轻症新冠病毒感染供者移植物（D-COVID(+)组），55例接受未感染新冠病毒感染供者移植物（D-COVID(－)组）。比较D-COVID(+)组和D-COVID(－)组供者采集物组分，观察两组早期植入、急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）、总生存和复发等结局。 结果： D-COVID(+)组供者未发生严重不良事件。与D-COVID(－)组相比，D-COVID(+)组移植物的单个核细胞（MNC）和CD34(+)细胞计数相当，且无需更多的采集次数。两组淋巴细胞、单核细胞、T细胞亚群分布差异无统计学意义，而D-COVID(+)组移植物中位NK细胞含量高于D-COVID(－)组（0.69×10(8)/kg对0.53×10(8)/kg，P＝0.031）。中位随访时间为72（33~104）d。所有患者均获得粒细胞植入。D-COVID(+)组、D-COVID(－)组移植后60 d血小板植入率分别为100%、（96.4±0.2）%（P＝0.568），并且粒细胞植入、血小板植入时间差异均无统计学意义（P＝0.309，P＝0.544）。D-COVID(+)组、D-COVID(－)组Ⅱ~Ⅳ度aGVHD累积发生率分别为（37.5±1.6）%、（16.4±0.3）%（P＝0.062），Ⅲ/Ⅳ度aGVHD累积发生率分别为（25.0±1.3）%、（9.1±0.2）%（P＝0.095），移植后60 d总生存率分别为100%、（98.1 ± 1.8）%（P＝0.522）。随访期间未发生原发病复发。 结论： 在无替代供者且allo-HSCT无法推迟或中止时，如供者可耐受，可考虑使用轻型新型冠状病毒感染供者按原计划进行移植。.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to clarify the effect of donor and recipient age combinations on the short-term survival rates of patients undergoing lung transplantation.
UNASSIGNED: We retrospectively reviewed the 2017-2020 data of the Affiliated Wuxi People\'s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University database for all adults (≥18 years), lung transplant recipients, and their associated donors. The impact of donor and recipient ages on survival was analyzed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on recipient and donor ages.
UNASSIGNED: Different donor and recipient age combinations affected the short-term postoperative survival rates. When recipients were ≤55 years, the survival rates of the younger donor age group were significantly higher than the older donor age group at 30 days after surgery (P = 0.040); when the donors were ≤40 years, the postoperative survival rates of the younger recipient age group were significantly higher than the older recipient age group (P = 0.031, P = 0.026, P = 0.034, and P = 0.018 for 30 days, 90 days, 180 days, and 1 year after surgery, respectively).
UNASSIGNED: Younger recipients had a higher survival rate after transplantation than older recipients, and this benefit could be compromised by older donors. Furthermore, the influence of donor age on patient survival rate was limited and more pronounced in younger recipients and shortly after surgery.

UNASSIGNED: We report a case of an adult hematopoietic stem cell donor who developed active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the donation of stem cells, the final transplantation was successfully completed without SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
UNASSIGNED: We report on a 34-year-old female diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who underwent hemiploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Both patient and donor received three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine before transplantation. PB-HSC was collected by the donor during the process of infection with SARS-CoV-2 (mild), and the patient did not show symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 after transplantation. Nucleic acid and antigen were negative in regular tests.
UNASSIGNED: In the context of the current Omicron epidemic and high vaccination rate in the population, it is feasible to receive PB-HSC from infected donors even for immunocompromised patients. This also provides some references for our later donor selection.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) in patients with hematological malignancies who had relapsed after the first allo-HSCT. Methods: Between April 2018 and June 2021, 44 patients with hematological malignancies (B-ALL 23, T-ALL/T-LBL 4, AML15, and MDS 2) were enrolled and retrospectively examined. Unrelated donors (n=12) or haploidentical donors (n=32) were used. Donors were replaced in all patients for the second allo-HSCT. Hematological and immunological germline predisposition genes and hematopoietic and immune function tests were used to select the best-related donor. Total body irradiation (TBI) /fludarabine (FLU) -based (n=38), busulfan (BU) /FLU-based (n=4), total marrow irradiation (TMI) /FLU-based (n=1), and BU/cladribine-based (n=1) were the RIC regimens used. For graft versus host disease (GVHD) prevention, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, short-term methotrexate, and ATG were used. Eighteen (40.9%) of 44 patients with gene variations for which targeted medications are available underwent post-transplant maintenance therapy. Results: The median age was 25 years old (range: 7-55). The median interval between the first and second HSCT was 19.5 months (range: 6-77). Before the second allo-HSCT, 33 (75%) of the patients were in complete remission (CR), whereas 11 (25%) were not. All patients had long-term engraftment. The grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ GVHD and severe acute GVHD rates were 20.5% and 9.1%, respectively. Chronic GVHD was found in 20.5% of limited patterns and 22.7% of severe patterns. CMV and EBV reactivation rates were 29.5% and 6.8%, respectively. Hemorrhage cystitis occurred in 15.9% of cases, grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ. The 1-yr disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and cumulative recurrence incidence (RI) rates of all patients were 72.5% (95% CI, 54.5%-84.3%), 80.6% (95% CI, 63.4%-90.3%), and 25.1% (95% CI, 13.7%-43.2%), respectively, with a median follow-up of 14 (2-39) months. There were eight deaths (seven relapses and one infection). The rate of non-relapse mortality (NRM) was only 2.3%. The CR patients\' 1-yr RI rate was significantly lower than the NR patients (16.8% vs 48.1%, P=0.026). The DFS rate in CR patients was greater than in NR patients, although there was no statistical difference (79.9% vs 51.9%, P=0.072). Univariate analysis revealed that CR before the second allo-HSCT was an important prognostic factor. Conclusion: With our RIC regimens, donor change, and post-transplant maintenance therapy, the second allo-HSCT in relapsed hematological malignancies after the first allo-HSCT is a safe and effective treatment with high OS and DFS and low NRM and relapse rate. The most important factor influencing the prognosis of the second allo-HSCT is the patient\'s illness condition before the transplant.
目的： 评估减低强度预处理（RIC）、更换供者二次异基因造血干细胞移植（二次移植）治疗移植后复发恶性血液病的疗效及安全性。 方法： 纳入2018年4月至2021年6月于北京高博博仁医院造血干细胞移植科接受RIC、更换供者二次移植的44例移植后复发恶性血液病患者，回顾性分析其临床资料。 结果： ①全部44例患者中男21例，女23例，中位年龄25（7~55）岁；急性B淋巴细胞白血病23例，急性T淋巴细胞白血病/T淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤4例，急性髓系白血病15例，骨髓增生异常综合征2例；首次allo-HSCT供者类型包括无关供者12例、单倍体供者32例，所有患者在二次移植时均更换了供者；两次allo-HSCT间隔的中位时间为19.5（6~77）个月；二次移植前33例（75.0%）患者原发病为完全缓解，11例（25.0%）为未缓解；预处理方案包括全身放射治疗/氟达拉滨（38例）、白消安/氟达拉滨（4例）、全骨髓照射/氟达拉滨（1例）、白消安/克拉屈滨（1例）；采用环孢素A、霉酚酸酯、短程甲氨蝶呤及抗胸腺细胞球蛋白预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。②所有患者均获得造血重建，Ⅱ~Ⅳ度、Ⅲ~Ⅳ度急性GVHD发生率分别为20.5%、9.1%，局限型、广泛型慢性GVHD发生率分别为20.5%、22.7%，巨细胞病毒、EB病毒感染发生率分别为29.5%、6.8%，出血性膀胱炎发生率为15.9%（均为Ⅰ~Ⅱ度）。③中位随访14（2~39）个月，移植后1年无病生存率、总生存率分别为72.5%（95% CI 54.5%~84.3%）、80.6%（95% CI 63.4%~90.3%），累积复发率为25.1%（95% CI 13.7%~43.2%）。8例患者死亡，7例死于复发，1例死于感染，非复发死亡率为2.3%。④二次移植前完全缓解组、未缓解组移植后1年累积复发率分别为16.8%、48.1%（P=0.026），无病生存率分别为79.9%、51.9%（P=0.072）。⑤单因素分析显示二次移植前原发病是否完全缓解是预后的影响因素。 结论： 采用RIC方案、更换供者及移植后维持治疗等策略的二次移植治疗allo-HSCT后复发的恶性血液病具有较好的安全性及疗效。影响二次移植预后的最重要因素是二次移植前的疾病状态。.