背景:男性雄激素性脱发(MAA)是一种多因素疾病,患者年龄较小,这是许多代谢性疾病的危险因素。
目的:探讨MAA早期发病的危险因素及其代谢特征。
方法:收集40例MAA患者和45例健康对照。血清空腹血糖(FBG)水平,总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),总睾酮(TT),尿酸(UA),测定25-羟基维生素D(25(OH)D)。同时,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)检测脂质代谢产物。
结果:37.50%的MAA患者患有代谢综合征,对照组为17.78%(p<0.05)。HDL-C的水平,UA,与健康对照组相比,MAA患者的25(OH)D降低(p<0.05)。然而,两组患者的TT水平差异无统计学意义。此外,HDL-C水平没有显着差异,UA,25(OH)D,不同脱发等级之间的TT(p>0.05)。早发性MAA的血脂谱与健康对照组显着不同。在早发性MAA中,神经酰胺(Cer)和鞘磷脂(SM)的水平显着降低。Cer(d38:5)和TG(15:0/18:1/18:1)可能是生物标志物。
结论:低HDL-C,UA,25(OH)D可能是早发性MAA的独立危险因素。在早发性MAA中观察到异常的脂质代谢,其中Cer和SM可以作为保护因子。
BACKGROUND: Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is a multifactorial disease, with patients presenting at a younger age, which is a risk factor for many metabolic diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors associated with early-onset of MAA and its metabolic characteristics.
METHODS: Forty patients with MAA and 45 healthy controls were collected. The serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total testosterone (TT), uric acid (UA), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured. Meanwhile, lipid metabolites were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS).
RESULTS: 37.50% MAA patients had metabolic syndrome, compared to 17.78% in control group (p < 0.05). The levels of HDL-C, UA, and 25(OH)D were decreased in patients with MAA compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of TT between the two groups. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the levels of HDL-C, UA, 25(OH)D, and TT among different grades of hair loss (p > 0.05). The lipid profile of early-onset MAA differed significantly from healthy controls. In early-onset MAA, the levels of ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM) were significantly lower. Cer(d38:5) and TG(15:0/18:1/18:1) may be the biomarkers.
CONCLUSIONS: Low HDL-C, UA, and 25(OH)D may be the independent risk factors for early-onset MAA. Abnormal lipid metabolism was observed in early-onset MAA, wherein Cer and SM may serve as protective factors.