发酵豆浆(FSM4)因其营养和健康特性而备受关注。探索FSM4产品以缓解腹泻可以确保其作为缓解胃肠道疾病的治疗性食品的有效性。然而,在腹泻发作期间,肠道微生物群与肠道代谢物产生之间的关系仍然未知.因此,通过生化研究FSM4对腹泻大鼠的腹泻缓解作用和机制,肠道菌群,和血清代谢物分析。研究结果表明,食用FSM4比非发酵豆奶(NFSM)更好地改善了腹泻症状并减少了全身炎症。值得注意的是,FSM4促进了多样性,丰富,结构,和肠道微生物群的组成。它增加了减少与有害细菌相关的炎症的能力(厌氧菌,Flavonifractor,双亲,厌氧症,[Ruminococus]_torques_group,梭状芽孢杆菌_sensu_stricto_1,Turicibacter,Ruminococus_1,Ruminiclostridium_6,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_群和Fusicatenibacter),同时刺激健康物种的生长(乳酸菌,Ruminoccaceae_UCG-014,镰刀菌,[Eubacterium]_coprostanolidgenes_group,Negativibacillus,和丹毒草科_UCG-003)。此外,代谢组学分析显示,NG组溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(LysoPE)和鞘脂等脂质代谢产物上调,与促炎细胞因子密切相关(IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,和IFN-γ)和上述病原菌。值得注意的是,在治疗组中,特别是FSM4,L-鸟氨酸的积累,天冬氨酸,乌索胆酸,18-氧代油酸酯,增加了环戊烷硫醇,与上述抗炎因子IL-10和有益菌密切相关。因此,可以推断氨基酸,胆汁酸,18-氧代油酸酯,和在FSM4组中产生的环戊烷硫醇可以作为代谢生物标志物,它们与肠道微生物群协同作用,帮助缓解炎症,缓解腹泻。总的来说,FSM4可能会提供一种新的替代方案,作为抗炎饮食,缓解腹泻。
Fermented soymilk (FSM4) has attracted much attention due to its nutritional and health characteristics. Exploring FSM4 products to alleviate diarrhea can ensure their effectiveness as a therapeutic food for alleviating gastrointestinal disorders. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and gut metabolite production remains unknown during diarrheal episodes. Therefore, the diarrhea-alleviating role and mechanisms of FSM4 in diarrhea rats were investigated via biochemical, gut microbiota, and serum metabolite analyses. The findings showed that consuming FSM4 improved diarrhea symptoms and reduced systemic inflammation better than non-fermented soymilk (NFSM). It is worth noting that FSM4 promoted the diversity, richness, structure, and composition of gut microbiota. It increased the ability to reduce inflammation associated with harmful bacteria (Anaerofilum, Flavonifractor, Bilophila, Anaerostipes, [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus_1, Ruminiclostridium_6, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group and Fusicatenibacter), while stimulating the growth of healthy species (Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, Negativibacillus, and Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003). Moreover, metabolomics analysis showed that lipid metabolites such as lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) and sphingolipids were upregulated in the NG group, closely related to pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and the aforementioned pathogenic bacteria. Notably, in treatment groups, especially FSM4, the accumulation of L-ornithine, aspartic acid, ursocholic acid, 18-oxooleate, and cyclopentanethiol was increased, which was robustly associated with the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and beneficial bacteria mentioned above. Therefore, it can be inferred that the amino acids, bile acid, 18-oxooleate, and cyclopentanethiol produced in the FSM4 group can serve as metabolic biomarkers, which synergistically act with the gut microbiota to help alleviate inflammation for diarrhea remission. Overall, FSM4 may provide a new alternative, as an anti-inflammatory diet, to alleviate diarrhea.