本文回顾了中药中龙血病品种的历史演变,并讨论了几个疑问。在古代欧洲和阿拉伯使用的DraconisSanguis源自Dracaena植物,源自东南亚的产品在16世纪进入了市场。DraconisSanguis最迟于5世纪被引入中国,曾经与虫胶混合使用。龙鱼在唐代和以前是龙血树植物的树脂。宋代的学者们都知道,天龙草来自高大树木的树脂,但是他们对起源植物的理解与事实不一致。宋代DraconisSanguis的起源基本上被确定为米尔巴特(Maliba),曾潭,索马里,以及索科特拉群岛。大约1371-1416年,由Daemonoropsdraco制成的DraconisSanguis被进口到中国,并记录在《海洋海岸总体调查》(应亚胜兰)和《大明法典》(大明汇典)中。从Dracaena植物中制备的DraconisSanguis在从D.draco进口到中国后很长一段时间仍然是真实的。明清时期,滇志(1625),滇南本草失散版(滇南本草),《植物的实性与标题研究》(《志武明》),和其他地方编年史记录说,一种新型的DraconisSanguis(Mu雪洁)在Yuang江生产,云南省。《中华民国新云南志》记载了西双版纳另一种色狼(齐林杰)的生产。然而,以上两种类型的真实性一直难以确认。在现代,由D.draco制备的DraconisSanguis逐渐成为主流品种。在1970年代,在云南和其他省份发现了龙血树,来自D.Cochinchinensi的DraconisSanguis被开发出来。本研究有望为DraconisSanguis的研究和开发提供坚实可靠的文献支持。丰富史料,为后续研究提供新线索。
This paper reviewed the historical evolution of the varieties of Draconis Sanguis in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and discussed several doubts. Draconis Sanguis used in ancient Europe and Arabia was derived from Dracaena plants, and that originating from Southeast Asia entered the market in the 16 th century. Draconis Sanguis was introduced into
China in the 5 th century at the latest and was once mixed with shellac for use. Draconis Sanguis in the Tang Dynasty and before was the resin of Dracaena plants. Scholars in the Song Dynasty have known that Draconis Sanguis came from the resin of tall trees, but their understanding of origin plants was inconsistent with the facts. The origin of Draconis Sanguis in the Song Dynasty was basically determined to be Mirbat(Maliba), Cengtan, and Somali, as well as Socotra Archipelago. About 1371-1416, Draconis Sanguis prepared from Daemonorops draco was imported into
China, and was recorded earlier in The Overall Survey of the Ocean\'s Shores(Ying Ya Sheng Lan) and Code of Great Ming Dynasty(Da Ming Hui Dian). Draconis Sanguis prepared from Dracaena plants was still authentic for a long time after the import of that from D. draco into
China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Dian Zhi(1625), a lost edition of Materia Medica in Southern Yunnan(Dian Nan Ben Cao), Textual Research on Reality and Titles of Plants(Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao), and other local chronicles recorded that a new type of Draconis Sanguis(Mu Xue Jie) was produced in Yuanjiang, Yunnan province. The New Yunnan Chronicles of the Republic of
China recorded the production of another type of Draconis Sanguis(Qi Lin Jie) in Xishuangbanna. However, the authenticity of the above two types has been difficult to confirm. In modern times, Draconis Sanguis prepared from D. draco gradually became the mainstream variety. In the 1970 s, Dracaena cochinchinensi was found in Yunnan and other provinces, and Draconis Sanguis from D. cochinchinensi was developed. This study is expected to provide a solid and reliable literature support for the research and development of Draconis Sanguis, enrich historical materials, and provide new clues for follow-up research.