Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous reproductive endocrine metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenemia, ovulation disorders, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis plays a role in maintaining redox balance, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and many other signaling pathways linked to diseases. Iron overload is closely related to insulin resistance, decreased glucose tolerance, and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. There is limited research on the role of ferroptosis in PCOS. Patients with PCOS have elevated levels of ferritin and increased reactive oxygen species in ovarian GCs. Studying ferroptosis in PCOS patients is highly important for achieving personalized treatment. This article reviews the progress of research on ferroptosis in PCOS, introduces the potential connections between iron metabolism abnormalities and oxidative stress-mediated PCOS, and provides a theoretical basis for diagnosing and treating PCOS.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a long-distance migratory pest with strong dispersal ability, fast reproduction speed and destructive feeding, so it is difficult to prevent and control. Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used in pest insects control, And since the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) serves as a major target of pyrethroids, it is important to study this gene for pest control. VGSC is an integral transmembrane protein consisting of approximately 2,000 amino acid residues found in neurons, myocytes, endocrine cells, and ovarian cells and involved in the initiation and propagation of excitable cellular action potentials. In this study, the cDNA sequence of the VGSC was identified from S. frugiperda by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) which contained an open reading frame of 6,261 bp encoding a protein of 2,086 amino acids. The molecular weight of this protein was predicted to be 236 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.21. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on lepidopteran insects showed that the VGSC of S. frugiperda was most closely relative to that of Spodoptera litura. VGSC is a highly conserved protein with Ion channel conserved structural domains of transmembrane proteins. qPCR showed that the VGSC gene was highly expressed in the epidermis of 2nd instar larvae, and its expression level was low in other tissues, such as the foregut and Malpighian tubules. In addition, VGSC was also detected in the prepupal stage, then gradually increased in abundance after entering the adult stage, peaked at the adult males on the 4th day of pupal stage, and decreased afterwards. The recombinant plasmid of pSumo-mut-VGSC was constructed and induced to express a His tag fused VGSC protein. Polyclonal antibodies were prepared from purified recombinant VGSC protein. The antibody was ELISA-titered, and the western blotting results showed that it specifically recognized VGSC, whether it was recombinant or endogenous protein. These results have laid the foundation for future studies on the physiological function of this gene in the growth and development of S. frugiperda.

SMALL AUXIN UP RNAs (SAURs), the largest family of early auxin response genes, plays crucial roles in multiple processes, including cell expansion, leaf growth and senescence, auxin transport, tropic growth and so on. Although the rice SAUR gene family was identified in 2006, it is necessary to identify the rice SAUR gene due to the imperfection of its analysis methods. In this study, a total of 60 OsSAURs (including two pseudogenes) distributed on 10 chromosomes were identified in rice (Oryza sativa). Bioinformatics tools were used to systematically analyze the physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, motif compositions, chromosomal location, gene duplication, evolutionary relationships, auxin-responsive cis-elements of the OsSAURs. In addition, the expression profiles obtained from microarray data analysis showed that OsSAUR genes had different expression patterns in different tissues and responded to auxin treatment, indicating functional differences among members of OsSAUR gene family. In a word, this study provides basic information for SAUR gene family of rice and lays a foundation for further study on the role of SAUR in rice growth and development.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of Ribosomal S6 kinase 4 (RSK4) protein in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues, and to elucidate its correlation with clinicopathological features of NSCLC.
METHODS: We analyzed 100 NSCLC patients treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2020 to June 2022. Patient demographics and clinical data, including gender, age, history of diabetes, tumor location, degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage, were collected. RSK4 protein expression was assessed in tissue samples via immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS: RSK4 protein was positively expressed in 35.00% of cancerous tissues, significantly lower than the 69.00% observed in adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Patients with lower tumor differentiation, advanced Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages, and lymph node metastases showed significantly reduced RSK4 expression compared to those with higher differentiation, earlier TNM stages, and no lymph node metastases (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis indicated that TNM stage, low differentiation, and lymph node metastases significantly influenced RSK4 expression (all P < 0.05). Survival analysis revealed a higher positive prognosis survival rate of 74.29% (26/35) among patients with positive RSK4 expression, versus 53.85% (35/65) in those with negative expression (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation of RSK4 expression with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and patient prognosis (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Positive RSK4 expression in NSCLC tissues is significantly correlated with advanced cancer stage, poor differentiation, and presence of lymph node metastasis, suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role for RSK4 in NSCLC. This association underscores its prognostic relevance in NSCLC patients.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as RNA molecules exceeding 200 nucleotides in length, have been implicated in the regulation of various biological processes and the progression of tumors. Among them, LINC00518, a recently identified lncRNA encoded by a gene located on chromosome 6p24.3, consists of three exons and is predicted to positively regulate the expression of specific genes. LINC00518 has emerged as a key oncogenic lncRNA in multiple cancer types. It exerts its tumor-promoting effects by modulating the expression of several target genes, primarily through acting as a sponge for microRNAs (miRNAs). Additionally, LINC00518 influences critical signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, and integrin β3/FAK pathways. Elevated levels of LINC00518 in tumor tissues are associated with increased tumor size, advanced clinical stage, metastasis, and poor survival prognosis. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the genetic characteristics, expression patterns, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms of LINC00518 in human diseases.

YEATS domain containing 2 (YEATS2), it may function as a proto-oncogene. This study aims to investigate if YEATS2 correlates with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. The prognostic landscape of YEATS2 and its relationship with expression in hepatocellular carcinoma were deciphered with public databases, RT-qPCR and western-blot in tissue samples. The expression profiling and prognostic value of YEATS2 were explored using UALCAN, TIMER, OncoLnc database. Transcription and survival analyses of YEATS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated with cBioPortal database. The STRING database was explored to identify molecular functions and signaling pathways downstream of YEATS2. YEATS2 expression was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma compared with adjacent non-malignant tissues. Promoter methylation of YEATS2 exhibited different patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma. High expression of YEATS2 was associated with poorer survival. Mechanistically, YEATS2 was involved in mediating multiple biological processes including morphogenesis and migration.

Rehmannia glutinosa is one of the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines, which has activities of heat-clearing,blood-cooling, Yin-nourishing, and body fluid-promoting. Iridoid glycosides are the main bioactive in R. glutinosa. Iridoid oxidase is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of iridoid glycosides. In this study, an iridoid oxidase gene Rg IO was screened based on the transcriptome data, followed by bioinformatics analysis, expression characteristic detection, and subcellular localization analysis. The results show that the coding region of Rg IO is 1 536 bp, with 511 amino acids encoded, and the molecular weight is about 58 258. 01. The protein sequence of Rg IO contains the conserved domains and motifs of cytochrome P450 oxidases. Rg IO has the highest sequence identities with its ortholog proteins in Striga asiatica, Striga hermonthica, and Centranthera grandiflora and has good sequence identities(77. 28%) with Catharanthus roseus Cr IO. Rg IO shows specific expression in the leaf of R. glutinosa. In response to MeJA induction, the expression of MeJA in leaves and roots after treatment increases by 3. 15 and 1. 3 times at 3 h and 6 h,respectively. The result of subcellular localization shows that Rg IO is distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of Rg IO gene in leaves of R. glutinosa makes the content of catalpol increase by 0. 82 times compared with the transient expression of the empty vector. This study provides a key target gene for the molecular regulation and biosynthesis of catalpol in R. glutinosa and lays a foundation for revealing the complete biosynthetic pathway of catalpol.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is widespread worldwide and poses a severe threat to human life and property. RVF viral polymerase plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus. Here, we describe how to express and purify this polymerase and perform tests for its in vitro activity assays.

Plants, being immobile, are subject to environmental stresses more than other creatures, necessitating highly effective stress tolerance systems. Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in the adaptation mechanism as they can be activated by diverse signals and ultimately control the expression of stress-responsive genes. One of the most prominent plant TFs family is MYB (myeloblastosis), which is involved in secondary metabolites, developmental mechanisms, biological processes, cellular architecture, metabolic pathways, and stress responses. Extensive research has been conducted on the involvement of MYB TFs in crops, while their role in cotton remains largely unexplored. We also utilized genome-wide data to discover potential 440 MYB genes and investigated their plausible roles in abiotic and biotic stress conditions, as well as in different tissues across diverse transcriptome databases. This review primarily summarized the structure and classification of MYB TFs biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and their role in secondary metabolism in different crops, especially in cotton. However, it intends to identify gaps in current knowledge and emphasize the need for further research to enhance our understanding of MYB roles in plants.

UNASSIGNED: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) plays a crucial role in fatty acid metabolism, which is involved in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine the expressional variations of GPIHBP1 in CRC at different stages and to verify whether this protein affects the shaping of the immune microenvironment of cancer cells.
UNASSIGNED: Variations of GPIHBP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were first analysed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Protein levels of GPIHBP1 in cancer nest cells, stromal cells or surrounding normal tissues from 68 patients with CRC were checked by immunohistochemistry. Infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), CD8+ and CD56+ cells was parallelly stained in the same tissues. Ectopic GPIHBP1 expressed colonic tumour cells were transplanted into the back of mice. Tumour growth and immune cell infiltrations were also observed.
UNASSIGNED: Compared with those in healthy tissues, GPIHBP1 mRNA and protein levels decreased in the patients with CRC at Dukes A-B stage but gradually increased in the patients at Dukes C-D stage. GPIHBP1 in foci or stroma was positively correlated with recruited macrophages or MDSCs and negatively correlated with recruited CD8+, CD56+ or granzyme+ cells. The mice injected with GPIHBP1 overexpression cells bore large tumours. Histological analysis confirmed the infiltration of many macrophages and MDSCs but less CD8+ T or CD56+ cells.
UNASSIGNED: The increased expression of GPIHBP1 is involved in the progression of CRC. High GPIHBP1 level of advanced CRC indicates efficient immune evasion in tumour microenvironment.