苯,甲苯,乙苯,和二甲苯(BTEX)是致癌污染物。然而,一些属于BTEX的污染物在1小时内的平均浓度,如苯,胡志明市(HCMC)比国家标准QCVN06:2009/BTNMT高出约十倍。这项研究首次在城市规模上计算了发展中国家的BTEX排放量。本文提出了一种基于热排放因子的BTEX冷排放因子计算方法。五个电子表格为五个车辆类别开发并计算了这些冷排放因子。在HCMC进行了BTEX的全面排放清单(EI),以确定BTEX污染的原因。采用自下而上和自上而下相结合的创新方法进行BTEXEI,其中利用EMISENS模型生成道路交通源的EI,其他排放源采用排放因子法。在排放原因中,摩托车对HCMC空气污染的贡献最大,占93%,90%,98.9%,和91.5%的苯,甲苯,乙苯,和二甲苯,分别。汽车贡献了5%,6%,0.8%,和6.5%的苯,甲苯,乙苯,和二甲苯,分别。对于LDV,苯的排放,甲苯,乙苯,二甲苯占1%,2%,0.2%,和1.9%。点源的主要原因是金属生产,其中有1%,2%,苯为0.1%,甲苯,乙苯,和二甲苯排放。该地区的源头在胡志明市的BTEX总量中占少数。我们的发现可用于投资减少HCMC中BTEX的最重要来源。我们的方法可以应用于BTEXEI的类似城市地区。这项研究还制定了九项措施来减少HCMC中的BTEX,以保护人类健康。
Benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are carcinogenic pollutants. However, the average concentration in 1 h of some pollutants belonging to BTEX, such as benzene, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is higher than the national standard QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT by about ten times. This research is the first to calculate the emission of BTEX for developing countries on a city scale. This paper developed a method to calculate cold emission factors based on hot emission factors for BTEX. Five spreadsheets developed and calculated these cold emission factors for five vehicle categories. A comprehensive emission inventory (EI) for BTEX was conducted in HCMC to determine the cause of BTEX pollution. An innovative methodology with bottom-up and top-down combination was applied to conduct BTEX EI, in which the EMISENS model was utilized to generate the EI for road traffic sources, and the emission factors method was utilized for other emission sources. Among emission reasons, motorcycles contribute the highest to HCMC air pollution, responsible for 93%, 90%, 98.9%, and 91.5% of benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively. Cars contributed 5%, 6%, 0.8%, and 6.5% of benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively. For LDVs, the emission from benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene accounted for 1%, 2%, 0.2%, and 1.9%. The major reasons for point sources were metal production, which had 1%, 2%, and 0.1% for benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes emissions. The area source had a minority emission of total BTEX in Ho Chi Minh City. Our findings can be used to invest in the most significant sources to reduce BTEX in HCMC. Our approach can be applied in similar urban areas in BTEX EI. This research also developed nine measures to reduce BTEX in HCMC for human health protection.