■在尼日利亚,由于人口的增加,城市化,工业化,和自动动员,汽油是最日常的非食用商品,它是在不断扩散的尼日利亚加油站(NPSs)交易的主要石油产品。然而,由于职业健康和安全(OHS)监管措施不充分,在NPSs工作会使加油站工人(PSW)接触大量有害的苯,甲苯,乙苯,和二甲苯(BTEX)化合物。
■关于尼日利亚PSW中BTEX暴露的研究很少。因此,量化BTEX健康风险的约束限制了利益相关者设计实际风险评估和风险控制策略的能力。本文回顾了尼日利亚PSW在NPSs上的OHS研究。
■虽然知识,态度,NPS中OHS的做法因尼日利亚的研究背景而异,一般来说,安全措施,对危害和个人防护设备(PPE)的认识,PSW中PPE的使用低于预期。此外,NPSs的空气质量很差,BTEX含量高,一氧化碳含量高,硫化氢,颗粒物,和甲醛高于世界卫生组织指南的限制。
■目前,监管机构在NPSs保护OHS方面的有效性和问责制还有很多不足之处。了解NPS的OHS将为未来的举措提供信息,政策,以及促进NPSs工人健康和安全的法规。然而,需要进行进一步的研究来描述PSW和其他从事职业暴露于BTEX污染的尼日利亚人的脆弱性。更重要的是,控制诸如BTEX之类的有害空气污染物造成的空气污染是OHS的重要组成部分,也是实现可持续发展目标(SDG)3、7和11的组成部分。
In Nigeria, because of increasing population, urbanization, industrialization, and auto-mobilization, petrol is the most everyday non-edible commodity, and it is the leading petroleum product traded at the proliferating Nigeria\'s petrol stations (NPSs). However, because of inadequate occupational health and safety (OHS) regulatory measures, working at NPSs exposes petrol station workers (PSWs) to a large amount of hazardous benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds.
Studies on BTEX exposures among Nigerian PSWs are scarce. Thus, constraints in quantifying the health risks of BTEX limit stakeholders\' ability to design practical risk assessment and risk control strategies. This paper reviews studies on the OHS of Nigerian PSWs at the NPSs.
Although knowledge, attitude, and practices on OHS in NPSs vary from one Nigeria\'s study setting to another, generally, safety practices, awareness about hazards and personal protective equipment (PPE), and the use of PPE among PSWs fell below expectations. Additionally, air quality at NPSs was poor, with a high content of BTEX and levels of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, particulate matter, and formaldehyde higher than the World Health Organization guideline limits.
Currently, regulatory bodies\' effectiveness and accountability in safeguarding OHS at NPSs leave much to be desired. Understanding the OHS of NPSs would inform future initiatives, policies, and regulations that would promote the health and safety of workers at NPSs. However, further studies need to be conducted to describe the vulnerability of PSWs and other Nigerians who are occupationally exposed to BTEX pollution. More importantly, controlling air pollution from hazardous air pollutants like BTEX is an essential component of OHS and integral to attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3, 7, and 11.