UNASSIGNED: Scleroderma is a multisystemic disorder characterised by inflammatory and vascular anomalies, and excess fibrosis. Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) mainly progresses with skin, joint, lung, heart, and kidney involvement. Involvement of cerebral vessels is rare in both localised scleroderma and PSS. Transient ischemic attack and stroke are rare complications of scleroderma.
UNASSIGNED: We present a 60-year-old stroke patient with localised scleroderma presenting with impaired speech, forgetting words, and occasional temporary memory loss.
UNASSIGNED: In the case we present, no pathology was found in the clinical and laboratory tests performed in terms of ischemic risk factors. Skin findings included contracture, skin biopsy results, and antibody positivity related to scleroderma. Given the current pathogenesis of scleroderma, the patient was suspected of having a stroke.

UNASSIGNED: Penile Mondor\'s disease (PMD) is a rare syndrome characterized by sclerosis after superficial thrombophlebitis of the superficial penile veins. The most usual appearance of PMD is a tender, palpable, painful, and sometimes visible cord on the dorsal surface of the penis. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, and a standardized treatment has not been established.
UNASSIGNED: A 54-year-old male patient presented with a left-sided indirect reducible inguinal hernia. The patient underwent Lichtenstein\'s procedure for inguinal hernia repair. On the tenth postoperative day, he returned with PMD confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography examination. Treatment with 4000 UI low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) daily for three weeks resolved the symptoms, but mild venous ectasia just to the proximal part of the penis remained.
UNASSIGNED: The exact cause of PMD is not well understood, but various studies have identified certain factors associated with an increased risk of the condition. Out of various potential factors that could trigger PMD, the repair of an inguinal hernia has been reported only once. Treatment may involve pain management, anti-inflammatory medications, anticoagulants, and, in some cases, surgery.
UNASSIGNED: PMD after open hernia repair surgery is a very rare benign condition. Correct diagnosis and prompt treatment allowed symptom resolution. Residual venous ectasia has no clinical significance other than a cosmetic appearance.

This case centers on a 76-year-old male experiencing exertional dyspnea and hemoptysis, with a medical history marked by recurrent pulmonary embolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Notably, he resides in a histoplasmosis-endemic area. A computed tomography (CT) pulmonary embolism scan revealed notable findings, including an enlarged right lower pulmonary artery, vascular congestion, atelectasis, and a mass exerting pressure on the right lower pulmonary vein. Biopsy results identified the mass as fibrosing mediastinitis, likely attributed to histoplasmosis. A transthoracic echocardiogram indicated right ventricular dilatation, impaired function, and a right ventricular systolic pressure of 63 mm Hg. During right heart catheterization, the patient displayed disparate pulmonary artery wedge pressures (PAWPs) between the right and left sides. This discrepancy was linked to a blunted back wave from the left atrium to the catheter, induced by pulmonary vein compression. Although an infrequent phenomenon, the recorded asymmetry in PAWPs played a crucial role in guiding accurate patient management. The absence of subsequent evaluation of PAWP on the left side could have altered the treatment plan, potentially delaying appropriate patient care. This case emphasizes the necessity of thorough exploration with right heart catheterization when clinical symptoms warrant, highlighting the importance of standardized practices in such procedures.

UNASSIGNED: Sclerosing variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a rare variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with only two cases in the literature. In this article, we report two cases of SACCs and attempt to explain the reason for sclerosis and its association with the disease outcome.
UNASSIGNED: The first patient is a 43-year-old Dravidian Indian female with a chief complaint of pain and swelling in the right posterior cheek region of four months\' duration. The second patient is an 8-year-old boy with a well-defined swelling in the left cheek region.
UNASSIGNED: Both these cases were diagnosed as sclerosing variants of ACC.
UNASSIGNED: The tumour was surgically excised for both patients.
UNASSIGNED: Both the patients had no signs of residual disease/recurrence.
UNASSIGNED: We opine that the dense sclerotic stroma may have a preventing role in tumour cell growth and progression.

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an uncommon, chronic, inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder found predominantly in females with unknown etiology. It presents as a white sclerotic plaque commonly located on the anogenital area. Extragenital LS is less prevalent, and LS affecting the oral mucosa is extremely rare, with only 39 biopsy-confirmed cases reported in the literature. Due to its several mimicking conditions, histological examination is usually required for a definitive diagnosis, particularly in patients with oral LS. Current evidence-based treatment recommendations for oral LS are unavailable; however, most cases tend to improve after treatment with topical or intralesional corticosteroids. We report a case of a 58-year-old female referred from the otolaryngology department for evaluating an asymptomatic whitish sclerotic plaque on the lower lip mucosa that had existed for 1 year. Following a punch biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with LS of labial mucosa. The condition improved after 2 months of treatment with topical and intralesional corticosteroids. The present case report raises awareness in recognizing oral LS and contributes to knowledge of this rare disorder.

硬化性多囊性腺瘤（SPA）是一种罕见的唾液腺硬化性肿瘤，好发于腮腺，镜下主要由增生的微囊、腺泡及导管样结构组成，腺上皮细胞细胞质呈泡沫状及空泡状，具有轻度非典型性和顶浆分泌性。由于SPA较罕见，易误诊为其他肿瘤。本文报道1例左侧腮腺SPA的病理变化及其鉴别诊断，旨在提高病理医师对SPA的认知及诊断水平。.

暂无摘要。

Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is a rare neoplastic salivary gland lesion with only about 100 cases reported worldwide so far. The lesion is confused with several malignant and other benign tumors such as apocrine intraductal carcinoma (IC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, polycystic dysgenetic disease (PDD), pleomorphic adenoma (PA), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). We present a case of SPA for a 23-year-old male patient presenting with a slowly growing parotid mass. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) followed by total excision of the tumor was performed and the picture was consistent with SPA. We discuss the findings of the case and briefly review the literature on SPA.

Hyperostosis triangularis ilii, also called osteitis condensans ilii (OCI), is a rare condition, mostly occurring in females, and the etiology is unknown. This disease is a sclerotic disorder associated with iliac fibrosis, a noninflammatory and self-limiting disorder. This condition primarily affects the iliac part of the sacroiliac joints and sometimes the adjoining bones, such as the sacrum, lumbar vertebrae, and iliac bones. It is an incidental finding in many individuals but rarely associated with lower back pain due to sacroiliac joint involvement. It is mainly treated with physical therapy and medications. OCI should be considered a cause of chronic back pain in females not having ankylosing spondylitis or inflammatory arthritis. Herein, a case of osteitis condensans ilii in a 47-year-old female, presenting with the chief complaints of intermittent lower back pain in the midline and on both sacroiliac regions, without any evidence of ankylosing spondylosis and the X-ray of the pelvis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing features of OCI, is being reported. The case was managed with medications and exercise, and the patient is under regular follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Fibrous mediastinitis (FM) is a rare mediastinal lesion characterized by proliferation of fibrous tissue within the mediastinum. Previous reports have shown that this lesion can be caused by histoplasmosis and tuberculosis. In extremely rare cases, FM can also be caused by autoimmune diseases such as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and large-vessel arteritis.
METHODS: In our case, we report unexpected fibrous mediastinitis found after robotic thymectomy in a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG). The preoperative imaging indicated no obvious lesion in the mediastinum and the patient denied histories of both histoplasmosis and tuberculosis. After the operation, both proliferation of fibrous tissue and ectopic germinal centres (GCs) could be found in the thymus.
CONCLUSIONS: This rare case might enrich our knowledge of the relationship between FM and autoimmune diseases.