湿疹(特应性皮炎,AD)是一种由多种因素引起的以皮肤屏障功能障碍为特征的皮肤病,包括遗传学,免疫系统异常,和环境触发因素。润肤剂和局部药物如皮质类固醇和神经钙蛋白抑制剂的应用形成了这种挑战性病症的治疗的主要支柱。这篇综述旨在总结基于植物化学的局部应用治疗AD和正在使用的不同载体的最新进展。在这次审查中,讨论了几种植物提取物和生物活性植物化学化合物治疗AD的临床疗效。通过改善特应性皮炎评分(SCORAD)指数,表皮厚度减少,减少经皮水分流失,减轻受AD影响的个体以及AD小鼠模型的瘙痒和干燥。在AD小鼠模型中进行的组织病理学研究和血清分析显示关键炎症因子的减少,包括胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP),血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE),白细胞介素(IL)。此外,观察到丝聚蛋白(FLG)基因的上调,调节构成角质层的蛋白质,表皮的最外层。载体在局部药物应用中起着至关重要的作用,影响剂量输送,保留,和生物利用度。本讨论深入探讨了各种纳米载体的功效,包括脂质体,乙醇体,纳米乳液,胶束,纳米晶体,固体-脂质纳米粒,和聚合物纳米颗粒。因此,潜在的长期副作用,如萎缩,喷发,淋巴瘤疼痛,以及与当前局部治疗相关的过敏反应,包括润肤剂,外用皮质类固醇,局部钙调磷酸酶抑制剂,还有crisaborole,可以通过使用基于植物化学的天然局部治疗来缓解。
Eczema (atopic dermatitis, AD) is a skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction due to various factors, including genetics, immune system abnormalities, and environmental triggers. Application of emollients and topical drugs such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors form the mainstay of treatments for this challenging condition. This
review aims to summarize the recent advances made in phytochemical-based topical applications to treat AD and the different carriers that are being used. In this
review, the clinical efficacy of several plant extracts and bioactive phytochemical compounds in treating AD are discussed. The anti-atopic effects of the herbs are evident through improvements in the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, reduced epidermal thickness, decreased transepidermal water loss, and alleviated itching and dryness in individuals affected by AD as well as in AD mouse models. Histopathological studies and serum analyses conducted in AD mouse models demonstrated a reduction in key inflammatory factors, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and interleukins (IL). Additionally, there was an observed upregulation of the filaggrin (FLG) gene, which regulates the proteins constituting the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis. Carriers play a crucial role in topical drug applications, influencing dose delivery, retention, and bioavailability. This discussion delves into the efficacy of various nanocarriers, including liposomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsions, micelles, nanocrystals, solid-lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Consequently, the potential long-term side effects such as atrophy, eruptions, lymphoma, pain, and allergic reactions that are associated with current topical treatments, including emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and crisaborole, can potentially be mitigated through the use of phytochemical-based natural topical treatments.