刺五加(AS)是生长在中国的地道的粗药用植物,韩国,俄罗斯,和日本。AS含有生物活性化合物,如郁金香苷,多糖,和类黄酮.它也是中国物种红色名录中的主要传统草药。AS主要分布在东北地区,特别是在黑龙江,吉林,和辽宁省。其活性化合物有助于显著的生物活性,包括神经保护,抗氧化剂,抗疲劳,和抗肿瘤作用。然而,活性化合物的提取方法复杂,提取效率差,构效关系尚不清楚。这项研究集中在AS中的营养素,包括蛋白质,碳水化合物,和脂质。特别是,活性成分(eleutherosides,多糖,和黄酮类化合物)及其提取纯化方法进行了分析和总结。综述了提取物的生物活性,和抗氧化的机制,抗肿瘤,抗炎,和其他活动进行了详细介绍。AS在各个领域的应用,如健康食品,药物,和动物膳食补充剂,然后报告。与其他提取方法相比,超声波或微波提取提高了效率,然而,他们可以破坏结构。使用绿色溶剂时,在溶剂回收和实现萃取效率方面出现了挑战,如深共晶溶剂。可以通过结合提取方法和控制条件(功率,温度,和时间)。生物活性分子和相关活性被清楚地暴露。AS的应用尚未广泛普及,和相应的功能需要进一步开发。
Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) is a geo-authentic crude medicinal plant that grows in China, Korea, Russia, and Japan. AS contains bioactive compounds such as eleutherosides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. It is also a key traditional herb in the Red List of Chinese Species. AS is mainly distributed in Northeast China, specifically in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces. Its active compounds contribute to significant biological activities, including neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, and antitumor effects. However, the extraction methods of active compounds are complex, the extraction efficiency is poor, and the structure-activity relationship is unclear. This study focused on the nutrients in AS, including protein, carbohydrates, and lipids. Particularly, the active ingredients (eleutherosides, polysaccharides, and flavonoids) in AS and their extraction and purification methods were analyzed and summarized. The biological activities of extracts have been reviewed, and the mechanisms of anti-oxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation, and other activities are introduced in detail. The applications of AS in various domains, such as health foods, medicines, and animal dietary supplements, are then reported. Compared with other extraction methods, ultrasonic or microwave extraction improves efficiency, yet they can damage structures. Challenges arise in the recovery of solvents and in achieving extraction efficiency when using green solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents. Improvements can be made by combining extraction methods and controlling conditions (power, temperature, and time). Bioactive molecules and related activities are exposited clearly. The applications of AS have not been widely popularized, and the corresponding functions require further development.