暂无摘要。

Kuwanon C is a unique flavonoid found in the mulberry family, characterized by two isopentenyl groups. While previous research has focused on various properties of kuwanon C, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, food preservation, skin whitening, and nematode lifespan extension, little attention has been given to its potential role in oncological diseases. In this study, we investigate the antitumor effect of kuwanon C in cervical cancer cells and elucidate its specific mechanism of action. We assessed the antitumor effects of kuwanon C using various experimental techniques, including cell proliferation assay, wound healing assays, EdU 488 proliferation assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, ROS level assay, cell cycle, apoptosis analysis, and studies on kuwanon C target sites and molecular docking. The results revealed that kuwanon C significantly impacted the cell cycle progression of HeLa cells, disrupted their mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced a substantial increase in intracellular ROS levels. Moreover, kuwanon C exhibited notable anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on HeLa cells, surpassing the performance of commonly used antitumor drugs such as paclitaxel and cisplatin. Notably, kuwanon C demonstrated superior efficacy while also being more easily accessible compared to paclitaxel. Our study demonstrates that kuwanon C exerts potent antitumor effects by its interaction with the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum membranes, induces a significant production of ROS, disrupts their normal structure, inhibits cell cycle progression, and stimulates apoptotic signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in the death of HeLa tumor cells. As an isopentenyl compound derived from Morus alba, kuwanon C holds great promise as a potential candidate for the development of effective antitumor drugs.

UNASSIGNED: The increasing influence of overactive bladder (OAB) on physical as well as mental health of individuals is becoming more pronounced annually, as evidenced by the urge urinary incontinence and nocturia. Symptoms in OAB patients may be influenced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are recognized as significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, which are commonly available in fruits, tea, vegetables, etc. Previous research has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of flavonoids and their subclasses in treating inflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite this, there remains a paucity of research exploring the potential correlation between flavonoid consumption, specifically within distinct subclasses, and OAB. Thus, our study aims to investigate the relationship between flavonoid intake and OAB to identify possible dietary interventions for OAB management.
UNASSIGNED: We utilized the survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of total and subclass flavonoids and the risk of OAB based on 13,063 qualified American adults. The dietary flavonoid intake was estimated from two 24-h dietary recalls. Weighted multivariate logistic regression model, quantile-based g-computation, restricted cubic spline model, and stratified analysis were used to explore the association between flavonoid intake and OAB, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: The participants diagnosed with OAB exhibited a higher percentage of being female, older, Non-Hispanic Black, unmarried, former drinkers, having a lower annual household income, lower poverty to income ratio, lower educational attainment, and a higher likelihood of being obese and smokers. Upon adjusting for confounding factors, the weighted logistic regression models revealed that the third quartile of consumption of anthocyanidin and the second quartile of consumption of flavone were significantly associated with the reduced odds of OAB, while total flavonoid consumption did not show a significant correlation with the risk of OAB. The quantile-based g-computation model indicated that flavone, anthocyanidin and flavonol were the primary contributors to the observed negative correlation. Furthermore, the restricted cubic spline models demonstrated a J-shaped non-linear exposure-response association between anthocyanidin intake and the risk of OAB (P nonlinear = 0.00164). The stratified and interaction analyses revealed that the relationship between anthocyanidin intake and the risk of OAB was significantly influenced by age (P interaction = 0.01) and education level (P interaction = 0.01), while the relationship between flavone intake and the risk of OAB was found to vary by race (P interaction = 0.02) and duration of physical activity (P interaction = 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Our research suggests that consuming a diet rich in flavonoid subclass anthocyanidin and flavone is associated with a reduced risk of OAB, potentially offering clinical significance in the prevention of OAB development. This underscores the importance of dietary adjustments in the management of OAB symptoms.

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The microbial genome remains a huge treasure trove for the discovery of diverse natural products. Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL23338, the industry producer of erythromycin, has a dozen of biosynthetic gene clusters whose encoding products are unidentified. Heterologous expression of one of the polyketide clusters pks7 in Streptomyces albus B4 chassis resulted in the characterization of its function responsible for synthesizing both 6-methylsalicyclic acid and 6-ethylsalicyclic acid. Meanwhile, two new 6-ethylsalicyclic acid ester derivatives were isolated as shunt metabolites. Their structures were identified by comprehensive analysis of MS and NMR experiments. Putative functions of genes within the pks7 BGC were also discussed.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal tumor characterized by high mortality and recurrence rates. Current treatments often have limitations, prompting researchers to explore novel anti-tumor substances and develop new drugs. Flavonoids, natural compounds with diverse biological activities, are gaining increasing attention in this regard. We searched from PubMed, Web of Science, SpringerLink and other databases to find the relevant literature in the last two decades. Using \"gastric cancer\", \"stomach cancers\", \"flavonoid\", \"bioflavonoid\", \"2-Phenyl-Chromene\" as keywords, were searched, then analyzed and summarized the mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of GC. It was revealed that the anti-tumor mechanism of flavonoids involves inhibiting tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, as well as inducing cell death through various processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Additionally, combining flavonoids with other chemotherapeutic agents like 5-FU and platinum compounds can potentially reduce chemoresistance. Flavonoids have also demonstrated enhanced biological activity when used in combination with other natural products. Consequently, this review proposes innovative perspectives for the development of flavonoids as new anti-GC agents.

The development of anti-tumor drugs has notably enhanced the survival rates and quality of life for patients with malignant tumors. However, the side effects of these drugs, especially cardiotoxicity, significantly limit their clinical application. The cardiotoxicity associated with anti-tumor drugs has been a subject of extensive attention and research. Traditional to mitigate these side effects have included reducing drug dosages, shortening treatment duration, modifying administration methods, and opting for drugs with lower toxicity. However, either approach may potentially compromise the anti-tumor efficacy of the medications. Therefore, exploring other effective methods for anti-cardiotoxicity will be the focus of future research. The potential of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in managing cardiovascular diseases and cancer treatment has gained widespread recognition. TCM is valued for its minimal side effects, affordability, and accessibility, offering promising avenues in the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity caused by anti-tumor drugs. Among its constituents, flavonoids, which are present in many TCMs, are particularly notable. These monomeric compounds with distinct structural components have been shown to possess both cardiovascular protective properties and anti-tumor capabilities. In this discussion, we will delve into the classification of anti-tumor drugs and explore the underlying mechanisms of their associated cardiotoxicity. Additionally, we will examine flavonoids found in TCM and investigate their mechanisms of cardiovascular protection. This will include an analysis of how these natural compounds can mitigate the cardiac side effects of anti-tumor therapies while potentially enhancing overall patient health and treatment outcomes.

The relationship between the gut microbiota and cognitive health is complex and bidirectional, being significantly impacted by our diet. Evidence indicates that polyphenols and inulin can impact cognitive function via various mechanisms, one of which is the gut microbiota. In this study, effects of a wild blueberry treatment (WBB) and enriched chicory inulin powder were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Gut microbiota composition and metabolites, including neurotransmitters, were assessed upon faecal microbial fermentation of WBB and inulin in a gut model system. Secondly, microbiota changes and cognitive function were assessed in children within a small pilot (n = 13) trial comparing WBB, inulin, and a maltodextrin placebo, via a series of tests measuring executive function and memory function, with faecal sampling at baseline, 4 weeks post-intervention and after a 4 week washout period. Both WBB and inulin led to microbial changes and increases in levels of short chain fatty acids in vitro. In vivo significant improvements in executive function and memory were observed following inulin and WBB consumption as compared to placebo. Cognitive benefits were accompanied by significant increases in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the inulin group, while in the WBB group, Bacteroidetes significantly increased and Firmicutes significantly decreased (p < 0.05). As such, WBB and inulin both impact the microbiota and may impact cognitive function via different gut-related or other mechanisms. This study highlights the important influence of diet on cognitive function that could, in part, be mediated by the gut microbiota.

Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) is considered a valuable spice and medicinal herb. In this study, the essential oil content and composition of the aerial parts of ajowan were investigated under different drying treatments (sun, shade, oven at 45 °C, oven at 65 °C, microwave, and freeze drying). Moreover, the phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of samples were also assessed. Fresh samples produced the highest essential oil content (1.05%), followed by those treated under sun (0.7%) and shade drying (0.95%). Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thirty compounds were determined in which thymol (34.84-83.1%), carvacrol (0.15-32.36%), p-cymene (0.09-13.66%), and γ-terpinene (3.12-22.58%) were the most abundant. Among the drying methods, freeze drying revealed the highest thymol content, followed by drying in a 45 °C oven. The highest TPC (total phenolic content) and TFC (total flavonoid content) were obtained in the fresh sample (38.23 mg TAE g-1 dry weight (DW)) and in the sample oven-dried at 45 °C (7.3 mg QE g-1 DW), respectively. Based on the HPLC results, caffeic acid (18.04-21.32 mg/100 gDW) and ferulic acid (13.102-19.436 mg/100 g DW) were the most abundant phenolic acids, while among flavonoids, rutin constituted the highest amount (10.26-19.88 mg/100 gDW). Overall, freeze drying was the most promising method of drying for preserving the phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) compounds and oil components.

The organic anion transporters OAT1 (SLC22A6) and OAT3 (SLC22A8) are drug transporters that are expressed in the kidney, with well-established roles in the in vivo transport of drugs and endogenous metabolites. A comparatively unexplored potential function of these drug transporters is their contribution to the in vivo regulation of natural products (NPs) and their effects on endogenous metabolism. This is important for the evaluation of potential NP interactions with other compounds at the transporter site. Here, we have analyzed the NPs present in several well-established databases from Asian (Chinese, Indian Ayurvedic) and other traditions. Loss of OAT1 and OAT3 in murine knockouts caused serum alterations of many NPs, including flavonoids, vitamins, and indoles. OAT1- and OAT3-dependent NPs were largely separable based on a multivariate analysis of chemical properties. Direct binding to the transporter was confirmed using in vitro transport assays and protein binding assays. Our in vivo and in vitro results, considered in the context of previous data, demonstrate that OAT1 and OAT3 play a pivotal role in the handling of non-synthetic small molecule natural products, NP-derived antioxidants, phytochemicals, and nutrients (e.g., pantothenic acid, thiamine). As described by remote sensing and signaling theory, drug transporters help regulate redox states by meditating the movement of endogenous antioxidants and nutrients between organs and organisms. Our results demonstrate how dietary antioxidants and other NPs might feed into these inter-organ and inter-organismal pathways.