增材制造技术的出现带来了几个行业的重大变革。在这些技术中,熔融沉积建模/熔融长丝制造(FDM/FFF)3D打印作为一种快速成型和小规模生产技术而备受关注。FDM/FFF用于需要改进机械的应用的潜力,热,由于适用于该方法的材料的范围有限,因此电特性受到限制。这项研究探索了各种增强材料的整合,包括碳纤维,玻璃纤维,和纳米粒子,进入FDM/FFF长丝的聚合物基质。利用先进的材料来增强长丝,从而提高了机械强度,刚度,与纯聚合物部件相比,3D打印部件的韧性。此外,填料的加入有利于提高导热性,电导率,和阻燃性,从而扩大了FDM/FFF3D打印组件的潜在应用范围。此外,这篇文章强调了在FDM/FFF3D打印中使用填充长丝的困难,包括但不限于长丝挤出稳定性,喷嘴堵塞,以及增强体和基体之间的界面粘合。最终,展示了各种务实的实现,其中与标准FDM/FFF原材料相比,填充的长丝表现出显著的益处。上述应用涵盖了广泛的行业,比如航空航天,汽车,medical,电子,和工具。本文探讨了未来进展的可能性以及创新增强材料的掺入。提出了先进复合材料在FDM/FFF3D打印中的持续发展和应用计划。
The emergence of additive manufacturing technologies has brought about a significant transformation in several industries. Among these technologies, Fused Deposition Modeling/Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM/FFF) 3D printing has gained prominence as a rapid prototyping and small-scale production technique. The potential of FDM/FFF for applications that require improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties has been restricted due to the limited range of materials that are suitable for this process. This study explores the integration of various reinforcements, including carbon fibers, glass fibers, and nanoparticles, into the polymer matrix of FDM/FFF filaments. The utilization of advanced materials for reinforcing the filaments has led to the enhancement in mechanical strength, stiffness, and toughness of the 3D-printed parts in comparison to their pure polymer counterparts. Furthermore, the incorporation of fillers facilitates improved thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flame retardancy, thereby broadening the scope of potential applications for FDM/FFF 3D-printed components. Additionally, the article underscores the difficulties linked with the utilization of filled filaments in FDM/FFF 3D printing, including but not limited to filament extrusion stability, nozzle clogging, and interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and matrix. Ultimately, a variety of pragmatic implementations are showcased, wherein filled filaments have exhibited noteworthy benefits in comparison to standard FDM/FFF raw materials. The aforementioned applications encompass a wide range of industries, such as aerospace, automotive, medical, electronics, and tooling. The article explores the possibility of future progress and the incorporation of innovative reinforcement materials. It presents a plan for the ongoing growth and application of advanced composite materials in FDM/FFF 3D printing.